Karawanken gentian
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Karawanken gentian ( Gentiana froelichii ) |
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| Jan ex Rchb. |
The Karavanken gentian ( Gentiana froelichii ) is a plant of the genus gentians ( Gentiana ) within the family of Gentianaceae (Gentianaceae). The two subspecies are endemic to small areas of the Southern Limestone Alps .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Karawanken gentian is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 10 centimeters. The stems are erect and simple. The opposite leaves are packed in a rosette at the base of the stem. The simple leaf blade is linear to lanceolate with a pointed upper end. The thick leaf blade, which is often rolled up at the edge, has three veins. There are one or two pairs of stem leaves.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to September. The flowers are solitary and terminal or solitary up to three in the upper leaf axils.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The sepals are fused to a calyx tube to a little more than half their length. The calyx teeth are lanceolate with a pointed upper end. The crown is sky blue and sometimes has greenish points in the throat. The crown is funnel-shaped to bell-shaped with a length of 3 to 4 centimeters. The appendages between the petal lobes are pointed triangular. The stamens are tubularly connected to each other. The scar flaps are not fringed.
The capsule fruit contains many seeds. The seeds are covered with white membranous lamellae.
ecology
The Karawanken gentian is a hemicryptophyte .
Locations
The Karawanken gentian is endemic to the southern Eastern Alps. It grows in stony lawns and in rock and rubble corridors. It is limestone and occurs from the subalpine to the alpine altitude level . Both subspecies find their optimum in the Alps in companies of the sub-association Caricenion firmae.
Systematics and distribution
The first description of Gentiana froelichii was made in 1832 by Giorgio Jan ex Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach Flora Germanica Excursoria , S. 865. The specific epithet honors the German doctor Josef Alois of Frolich (1766-1841), a monograph on the genus Gentiana wrote.
The Karawanken gentian occurs only in the southern Eastern Alps.
Of Gentiana froelichii there are two subspecies:
- Gentiana froelichii Rchb. subsp. froelichii : This endemic occurs only in Austria in southern Carinthia in the Karawanken .
- Gentiana froelichii subsp. zenarii (Jan) F.Martini & L.Poldini : This endemic occurs only in northeastern Italy in the Carnic Pre-Alps . She became Fabrizio Martini and Livio Poldini in Gentiana froelichii subsp. zenarii (Gentianaceae), a New Subspecies from the Carnic Pre-Alps (NE Italy). First described in: Willdenowia , Volume 18, Issue 1, 1988, pp. 19-27.
supporting documents
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora alpina . Volume 2, page 14. Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna Haupt-Verlag, 2004. ISBN 3-258-06600-0
- ^ Gentiana froelichii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. : Gentiana froelichii. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
