Georg Friedrich Kraus

Georg Friedrich Kraus (also: Krause; born March 10, 1718 in Wittenberg ; † January 4, 1784 ibid) was a German legal scholar .

Life

Born as the son of the Wittenberg professor for rights Johann Gottfried Kraus and his wife Christiane Elisabeth, the daughter of the electoral council of appeal, assessor at the law faculty and council syndicate Johann Paul Schröter, he was prepared for an academic career from an early age. In addition to taking lessons from private teachers, he attended the Wittenberg city school, which was under the rectorate of Johann Andreas Boden .

In October 1733 he was entered in the register of the University of Wittenberg , began studying there in 1735 and pursued a legal course of study. He laid the groundwork for this in the philosophical sciences. In Friedrich Christian Baumeister he set out with the logic familiar graduated at Johann Friedrich Weidler mathematics and Georg Matthias Bose physics. Then he decided to study law.

His first teacher was his father. But he also attended the lectures by Augustin Leyser , Gebhard Christian Bastineller, Christoph Ludwig Crell , Andreas Florens Rivinus , Gottfried Ludwig Mencke the Elder and Johann Wilhelm Hoffmann . He made himself familiar with natural law, civil law, spiritual law, feudal law, criminal law, legal history and procedural law. Under Leyser, he acquired the right to hold academic lectures in 1743 with the disputation de poena rapinae, ejus maxime, quae permutando sit in Saxonia .

After he had passed his exams to the notary on January 2, 1745 he received his doctorate on 12 February 1745 Rivinus with the polemic de jure faciei in foro ciuili, for licentiate and doctorate in law. In 1749 he was appointed as an extraordinary professor , as Titulorum de Verb. Signif et de Regulis Juris, the Pandects , and took over the position in 1750. In the same year he was noticed in Gdansk . There, in 1751, he was offered a position as inspector of the grammar school and grammar school professor for the law and history of the academic grammar school in Danzig , which he sat on March 30 with the speech de arte juris, et causis, cur pauci ad eam adscendant, cum usus juris sit apud multos .

However, he returned to his homeland as early as 1753, where he initially became a full professor of feudal law and, associated with this, was an assessor in the Wittenberg Faculty of Law. After his inaugural speech de nouatorum in jurisprudentiam meritis , he read about all areas of law at the law faculty for six years. In 1759 he became a full professor of the institutions , assessor of the court court and the Schöppenstuhl . In 1761 he was appointed assessor at the Wittenberg consistory, in 1763 he became professor of the Digestum infortiatum et novum, in 1764 professor of the Digestum vetus and in 1765 professor of the Codex.

Kraus became professor of decretals on May 10, 1782, senior of the law faculty, director of the Wittenberg consistory and first assessor of the court and Schöppenstuhl. After serving as full professor of the law faculty in 1762, 1763, 1765, 1767, 1770, 1773, 1776, 1779 and 1782, he was the rector's office of the Wittenberg Academy in the summer semesters of 1779, 1773 and 1765 . He participated in the construction of the destroyed Wittenberg Castle Church and privately created a collection of natural rarities. He made all sorts of experiments in secret.

family

On May 19, 1763, Krause married his related Elenora Friderika Christiane († 1783), the daughter of the Saxon court and councilor, also dean of the Wurzen monastery , Ludwig August Schröter. The following children are known from this marriage:

• August Paul Gottfried (* August 7, 1709 in Wittenberg; † March 11, 1729 there) was JUC and Mag. Phil.
• Christiane Elisabeth (born October 1, 1711 in Wittenberg; † March 4, 1746 ibid)
• Maria Sophia (born December 28, 1713 in Wittenberg; † March 3, 1771 ibid)
• Euphrosina Christiana (* March 12, 1716 in Wittenberg; † May 24, 1795 ibid)
• Georg Friedrich (born March 10, 1718 in Wittenberg; † January 4, 1784 ibid)
• Johanna Maria (born July 29, 1720 in Wittenberg)
• Johann Karl (born February 1, 1722 in Wittenberg)
• Gottfried Ludwig (born August 16, 1723 in Wittenberg)
• Johanna Dorothea (born April 27, 1727 in Wittenberg)

Selection of works

1. Diss. De poena rapinae, eius maxime, quae permutando fit in Saxonia. Wittenberg 1743
2. Diss. Inaugural, de jure faciei in foro ciuili. Wittenberg 1745
3. Theses jur. contr. Var. Argumenti. Wittenberg 1745
4. Theses de legibus et privilegibiis. Wittenberg 1747
5. Theses de statu hominu. Wittenberg 1747
6. Diss. De pecunia a pupillo sine tutoris auctoritate soluta damno creditoris pereunte. Wittenberg 1748
7. Theses de legitimatione he adoptione. Wittenberg 1748
8. Theses de jurisdictone. Wittenberg 1748
9. Theses jur. contr. Varii argumenti. Wittenberg 1748
10. Diss. De potestate appellandi judicem'a sententia arbitri. Wittenberg 1749
11. Theses de in ius vocando. Wittenberg 1749
12. Theses de quaestionibus. Wittenberg 1749
13. Theses iuris concroversi ex Titul. Pandect. VIII-XI. Lib. II. Wittenberg 1749
14. Theses de edendo. Wittenberg 1749
15. Diss. Observationes de indole actionis Publicianae. Wittenberg 1749
16. Diss. De precario ad certum tempus dato. ad L. 12. Pr. de precar. Wittenberg 1750
17. Programma aditiale: Coniestuam de sensu L. VI. I. pr. Dig. de seruitutibus exhibens. Wittenberg 1750
18. Theses iuris controuersi ex doctrina de pactis. Wittenberg 1750
19. Theses iuris controuersi ex doctrina de transactionibus. Wittenberg 1750
20. Theses iuris controuersi ex doctrina de postulando. Wittenberg 1750
21. Diss. De actione de recepto casum fortuitum non persequente. ad explicationem L. 3rd §. 1. π de naut. caupon. stabul. Wittenberg 1750
22. Diss. De fundamento beneficii competentiae fratrum, ad L. 63. pr. 13th per Socio. Wittenberg 1750
23. Diss. De interpretatione poenarum extenfiua. Danzig 1751
24. Diss. De officjo iudicis, si obsernantia legis sit dubia. Danzig 1752
25. Diss. De societate indiuidua. Danzig 1752
26. Progr. Aditiale, de qualitate feudali terrarum limitanesrum apud Romanos. Wittenberg 1753
27. Diss. De seruitute reuiniscente. Wittenberg 1755
28. Theses iuris contr. ex doctrina de restitutione in integrum, praesertim propter metum, dolumque malum. Wittenberg 1755
29. Theses iuris controuersi ex doctrina de restitutione in integrum ob aetatem minorem ac absentiam. Wittenberg 1755
30. Diss.de lege Aquilia in eos etiam, quos contractus ad exactissimam dilingentiam non obligat, culpam leuissimam vindicente. Wittenberg 1757
31. Diss. De legatorum varii generis indole atque effectu. Wittenberg 1757
32. Diss. De locatione sernitutis realis, praecipue juris pascendi. Wittenberg 1757
33. Theses iuris contra ex doctrina dei receptis. Wittenberg 1757
34. Theses de judiciis, er ubi quisque agere, vel conueniri debeat. Wittenberg 1757
35. Theses, de inofficioso testamento, et hereditatis petitione. Wittenberg 1757
36. Diss. De usufructu patris in feudo filii. Wittenberg 1758
37. Theses iuris contra de rei vindicatione tam ciuili, quam praetoria. Wittenberg 1758
38. Diss. De differentia emancipations tacitae Romanae atque Germanicae. Wittenberg 1759
39. Theses iuris contra de iure emphteutico. Wittenberg 1759
40. Theses iuris contra de usufructu. Wittenberg 1759
41. Theses de seruitutibus praediorum urbanorum. Wittenberg 1759
42. Theses de seruitutibus praediorum rusticorum. Wittenberg 1760
43. Theses iuris contra de vindicatione seruiturum. Wittenberg 1760
44. Diss. De Emphyteuseos renunciadone inito domino inualida. Wittenberg 1761
45. Theses de noxali et de paupeie actione. Wittenberg 1761
46. Theses de damno iniuria dato. Wittenberg 1761
47. Theses de diuisoriis iuduciis. Wittenberg 1761
48. Theses varii argumenri. Wittenberg 1761
49. Theses de ludis ac sponsionib. Wittenberg 1761
50. Diss. Obseruationes, de eo, quod extremum est in jurisdictione criminali respectu condemnati ad mortem. Wittenberg 1762
51. Diss. Usumfructum male utendo non amitti. Wittenberg 1762
52. Theses de religiosís et sumptibus funerum. Wittenberg 1762
53. Theses de rebus creditis. Wittenberg 1762
54. Theses de jureiurando. Wittenberg 1762
55. Diss. De postliminio rerum praesertim mobilium. Wittenberg 1763
56. Progr. De clerico mercatore. Wittenberg 1763
57. Diss. De feudis fiduciariis. Wittenberg 1764
58. Diss. De donatione mortis causa, ex principiis juris antiqui Germanici non reuocabili. Wittenberg 1764
59. Diss. De jure in albores vicini in nostrum prominentes aerem. Wittenberg 1765
60. Theses de lege commissoria. Wittenberg 1766
61. Theses de pignore antichretico. Wittenberg 1766
62. Theses iuris contra Decreti Diui Marci, eiusque ambiguo in Saxonia usu. Wittenberg 1766
63. Theses iuris contra de literarum obligationibus, et non numeratae pecuniae exceptione. Wittenberg 1766
64. Diss. De testamento. parentum interliberos minus solenniter nuncupato. Wittenberg 1767
65. Theses iuris contra de venditione ac cessione jurium, nec non de lege Anastasiana. Wittenberg 1767
66. Theses iuris contra de lesione enormi. Wittenberg 1768
67. Diss. Num creditor eonducens antichresin fructus legitimam usurarum quantitatem excedentes lucretur. Wittenberg 1768
68. Theses de indebito eiusque conditione. Wittenberg 1768
69. Theses de pignoribus et hypothecis. Wittenberg 1771
70. Progr. Utrum prjvilegium testamentarium militum eorum uxoibus sit commune? Wittenberg 1773
71. Diss. De questione: Quando accusatio contumaciae sit superflua aut frustranea, praefertim in foris Saxoniae. Wittenberg 1776
72. Diss. De prudentia legisiatoria in permitendis diuortiis. Wittenberg 1778
73. Diss. De praefidiis auctorum veterum in explicando. iure, praefertim romano. Wittenberg 1779.

literature

• Nikolaus Müller : The finds in the tower knobs of the town church in Wittenberg. Evangelical bookstore Ernst Holtermann, Magdeburg, 1912
• Matriculation of the University of Wittenberg
• Walter Friedensburg : History of the University of Wittenberg. Max Niemeyer publishing house , Halle (Saale), 1917
• Friedrich August Weiz : The learned Saxony or directory of those writers now living in the electoral Saxon and incorporated countries and their writings. Schneider Verlag, Leipzig, 1780, p. 139 ( online )
• Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Gerhard Fleischer the Younger, Leipzig, 1808, vol. 7, p. 324 ( online )
• Life and writings of D. George Friedrich Kraus, formerly Prof. Decret. PO of the local ecclesiastical consortiorii director, the court court and Schöppenstuhl first assessor, and the law faculty here full professors and seniors. In: Wittenbergersches Wochenblatt. 1790, pp. 393, 403