Georg Lippay

Georg Lippay de Zombor (born October 9, 1600 in Preßburg , Kingdom of Hungary ; † January 30, 1666 in Preßburg, Kingdom of Hungary) was a Catholic theologian , Archbishop of Gran and Primate of Hungary.

Georg Lippay

Life

Signature of Georg Lippay

Georg Lippay was the eldest son of the Viennese court councilor Johann Lippay († 1616) and his wife Maria Serényi Landovicz. He began his school education in Preßburg and Vienna , then attended the University of Graz , where he received his doctorate in philosophy ( Dr. phil. ). He then went to Rome to there theology study. In 1625 he came to Hungary and became a canon at the Archbishopric in Gran. After that he made a steep career: in 1631 he was appointed Bishop of Fünfkirchen . On February 1, 1633 Bishop of Vesprim and on May 1, 1637 (until 1642) Bishop of Eger .

Eventually Georg Lippay was appointed Archbishop of Gran and Primate of Hungary in 1642. His motto was: "CONIUNGERE DEO ET SUSTINE" He held this position until his death in 1666. The seat of the archbishopric was Tyrnau at that time , as the city of Gran had been under Ottoman rule since 1543 . He enlarged and expanded the University of Trnava and taught there on July 31, 1649 a special donation of 15,000, - guilders a Faculty of Law a.

In his capacity as Primate of Hungary and Archbishop of Gran, he crowned Ferdinand IV (June 16, 1647), Maria Eleonora (June 6, 1655) and Leopold I (June 27, 1655) apostolic kings in St. Martin's Cathedral in Pressburg of Hungary .

He showed himself to be very intolerant towards the Lutherans and the Calvinists - in keeping with the spirit of the Counter Reformation . He persecuted the Protestant preachers especially in the smaller provincial towns of the Big Island and replaced them with Jesuits . He did not tolerate confessional mixed marriages, he insisted that the non-Catholic part convert to Catholicism before the marriage .

Georg Lippay was very interested in science. He was particularly interested in alchemy . He also wrote an alchemical work under the title Mons Magnesiae Ex Quo Obscurum sed Verum Subjectum Philosophorum effonditur et Expresse denominatur , which he dedicated to Emperor Leopold I.

Memorial stone to the Pressburg Garden in the Arboretum of Budapest

Garden of the former archbishop's summer palace in Pressburg in the first half of the 18th century. On the right in the background the chapels of the Pressburg Kalvarienberg can be seen. The garden was laid out by Archbishop Georg Lippay as the "Pressburg Garden" ( Posoni worth) and was one of the most beautiful ornamental gardens in the former Kingdom of Hungary.

Although Tyrnau was the (temporary) official seat of the archbishopric at that time, the archbishops mainly resided in Pressburg. In the middle of the 17th century, Georg Lippay also acquired the Archbishops' summer palace in Pressburg, which was built by one of his predecessors, Archbishop Ferenc Forgách (* 1560, † 1615) in 1614. Around the residence he had a wonderful garden - which became famous under the name "Preßburger Garten" (ung. Posoni kert ) - with rare plants and plants. In the garden, splendid avenues with exotic trees that were fenced in by plastic were laid out. With the help of his younger brother Johann Lippay, who lived at the Archbishop's Pressburg court between 1659 and 1666, the botanical "Pressburg Garden" was developed to full bloom in the Renaissance style . Between 1664 and 1667 a three-volume description of the sights of this garden appeared in print in Vienna. In the decades that followed, the area of the garden was increasingly narrowed through new parcels until it completely disappeared. Today, apart from the former summer residence, nothing can be seen of the garden.

Georg Lippay was a well-educated man who also worked as a journalist. Many of his works have also appeared in print. He owned a - by the standards of the time - extensive library of over 3000 volumes. A large part of these books is now in the archbishop's library in Gran.

As a critical observer of the political situation in the Kingdom of Hungary and as a patriotic Hungarian, Georg Lippay did not agree with the results of the Peace of Eisenburg concluded with the Ottoman Empire . Although he was a staunch supporter of the House of Habsburg , he nonetheless syphoned the subsequent magnate conspiracy of Franz Wesselényi . The suppression of the conspiracy had no more consequences for Lippay, since he died in Pressburg on January 30, 1666, before it was discovered. He was buried in the crypt of the Pressburg St. Martin's Cathedral with all episcopal honors.

literature

Tivadar Ortvay : Pozsony város utcái és terei (The streets and squares of Bratislava), Pozsony 1905 (Hungarian)

Web links

Families of Hungary (Hungarian)
[1] Short biography (Hungarian)
[2] A Posoni kert (online copy from the Austrian National Library, Vienna (Hungarian))
[3] Magyar katolikus lexicon (Hungarian)

Pressburger Garten, p. 39ff in Ema Pospišilová-Tekelyová: Baroque Gardens in Bratislava, Diploma thesis University of Vienna , 2008

Individual evidence and explanations

↑ Georg had three younger brothers: Johann d. J. (* 1606, † 1666), Franz (* 1608, † 1674) and Gáspár († 1654) .Johann and Franz were also priests and belonged to the Jesuit order .
↑ This saying comes from the Apocryphal book ( OT ) Jesus Sirach 2,3: Hold on to God and do not give way [so that you are strengthened in the end.] ( New International Version )
↑ The bishopric was only moved back to Gran in 1820.
^ The University of Tyrnau was founded in 1635 by Archbishop Peter Pázmany . It later became the Eötvös Lorand University in Budapest .
↑ The font is now in the Austrian National Library in Vienna.
↑ Today the partially rebuilt building houses the official residence of the Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic .
↑ ^a ^b quotation from Ortvay, p. 51f (see literature)
↑ Johann Lippay the Elder J. (born November 1, 1606 in Preßburg, † June 12, 1666 in Trenčín ) entered the Jesuit order in 1624. He was a university lecturer and, like his older brother, was also very interested in natural sciences and especially botany.
↑ Volume 1: Virágos kert (The Flower Garden), 1664; Volume 2: Veteményes kert (The Vegetable Garden), 1664; Volume 3: Gyümölcsös kert (The Orchard), 1667
↑ The Eisenburg Peace Treaty was concluded in August 1664 and, in the opinion of the Hungarian nobility, was very unfavorable for Hungary.

personal data
SURNAME	Lippay, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Lippay de Zombor, Georg (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Catholic theologian, Archbishop of Gran and Primate of Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH	October 9, 1600
PLACE OF BIRTH	Pressburg , Kingdom of Hungary
DATE OF DEATH	January 30, 1666
Place of death	Pressburg , Kingdom of Hungary

[1] Georg had three younger brothers: Johann d. J. (* 1606, † 1666), Franz (* 1608, † 1674) and Gáspár († 1654) .Johann and Franz were also priests and belonged to the Jesuit order .

[2] This saying comes from the Apocryphal book ( OT ) Jesus Sirach 2,3: Hold on to God and do not give way [so that you are strengthened in the end.] ( New International Version )

[3] The bishopric was only moved back to Gran in 1820.

[4] The University of Tyrnau was founded in 1635 by Archbishop Peter Pázmany . It later became the Eötvös Lorand University in Budapest .

[5] The font is now in the Austrian National Library in Vienna.

[6] Today the partially rebuilt building houses the official residence of the Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic .

[:0-7] quotation from Ortvay, p. 51f (see literature)

[8] Johann Lippay the Elder J. (born November 1, 1606 in Preßburg, † June 12, 1666 in Trenčín ) entered the Jesuit order in 1624. He was a university lecturer and, like his older brother, was also very interested in natural sciences and especially botany.

[9] Volume 1: Virágos kert (The Flower Garden), 1664; Volume 2: Veteményes kert (The Vegetable Garden), 1664; Volume 3: Gyümölcsös kert (The Orchard), 1667

[10] The Eisenburg Peace Treaty was concluded in August 1664 and, in the opinion of the Hungarian nobility, was very unfavorable for Hungary.