Georg Schlesinger (engineer)

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Georg Schlesinger (born January 17, 1874 in Berlin , † October 6, 1949 in Wembley near London ) was a German mechanical engineer and professor of mechanical engineering. From 1904 he was the first holder of the chair for machine tools and factories at the Technical University of Charlottenburg , today's Technical University of Berlin . Schlesinger is considered to be the founder of scientific research in the fields of manufacturing technology and business administration .

Life

Memorial plaque on the house, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, in Berlin-Charlottenburg

After a one year apprenticeship as a mechanic (1891/1892) Schlesinger studied mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . In 1897 he was employed as a designer at the Berlin mechanical engineering company Ludwig Loewe ; In 1902 he became chief designer.

On February 26, 1904, he received his doctorate from the Technical University of Charlottenburg with the thesis " The fits in mechanical engineering ". It was reprinted in 1917 because of the high demand in industry for the new fit system and translated into numerous languages. In July 1904 he was appointed to the chair for machine tools and factories at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . Based on this model, another chair for machine tools was founded in Aachen in 1906. The first owner was Adolf Wallichs .

In 1907 Schlesinger set up a test field for machine tools. Also in 1907 he founded the magazine Werkstattstechnik , which is still published today and of which he was editor for many years.

In his role as head of the Spandau rifle factory during the First World War, he was responsible for the installation, planning and commissioning of the Oberspree weapons factory. From 1915 he worked as the technical director of the test center for replacement limbs , where the orthopedic professor Jakob Riedinger , the designer of the “Würzburg working arm”, also worked. During his time in Spandau, Schlesinger also developed arm and leg prostheses together with Ferdinand Sauerbruch .

In 1917 he became a member of the main committee of the newly founded German Standards Committee ( DIN ) and from 1918 he worked at the TH Berlin with Walter Moede on the establishment of the institute for industrial psychotechnology, which was run independently from 1925/26 .

During the time of the rising National Socialism, he came under great pressure as a Jewish university lecturer. He was in custody for 9 months for alleged embezzlement, industrial espionage and high treason and was put into temporary retirement in 1934 . His pupil Otto Kienzle was appointed as his successor . In 1936 Schlesinger was still able to publish his two-volume standard work Die Werkzeugmaschinen at Julius Springer's Berlin publishing house . In 1939 he was stripped of his German citizenship.

After a guest teaching position at the ETH Zurich , he was offered a position at the Free University of Brussels . During the Second World War he set up and directed a machine tool laboratory at the College of Technology in Loughborough (1939-1944).

family

His nephew was the theologian Franz Hildebrandt .

effect

The Georg Schlesinger Prize and the Georg Schlesinger School in Berlin are named after Professor Schlesinger .

In addition to classic mechanical engineering, which, apart from heat engines, only included lifting equipment and pumps, Schlesinger provided the machine tool. [...] he knew how to work out the system of lathes and automatic lathes, of milling machines and what they are all called, and to give them academic rank. We owe to him the teaching that the machine tool is multiple: a machine for applying forces to the tool, a machine for permanent manipulation by humans and a machine for generating geometrically precise surfaces. (Adolf Wallichs, contemporary and professor for machine tools in Aachen)

Schlesinger's lectures were immensely concentrated and very impressive. He was able to give a tightly packed lecture after looking at his manuscript for a quarter of an hour. The pace of his lectures was fast, and the students took a lot with them and actually never forgot all their lives that they once heard from a Schlesinger. ( Otto Kienzle , student and successor to the Berlin chair.)

Georg Schlesinger has made an outstanding contribution to engineering far beyond the borders of our country. ( Günter Spur German professor for manufacturing technology and successor to the chair)

Research areas

  • Work on fitting in mechanical engineering
  • Standardization of threads and speeds
  • Calculation, construction and testing of machine tools
  • Introduction of cutting materials and manufacturing processes
  • Scientific management and psychotechnics
  • Construction and testing of prostheses

Works (selection)

  • The fits in mechanical engineering , 1903, 1917 (dissertation), also in:
    • Communications about research in the field of engineering [...]. H. 18, Berlin 1904; and H. 193 and 194, Berlin 1917
  • Cost accounting in mechanical engineering , 1911
  • Replacement links and work aids for war casualties and casualties , 1918
  • Psychotechnology and business administration , Hirzel, Leipzig 1920
  • Standardization of thread systems , 1923, 1926
  • Test book for machine tools , Julius Springer 1927 (6th edition 1955)
  • The machine tools , Julius Springer 1936
  • The factory , 1949

Quotes

The famous quote from Schlesinger comes from: “ The dividend of the company is decided at the cutting edge of the turning steel ”, which puts the production productivity in metal cutting at the center of business considerations.

literature

  • Martin Friedrich Karpa: The history of the arm prosthesis with special consideration of the performance of Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875-1951) . Dissertation, Bochum 2005
  • Katja Patzel-Mattern : Human machines - machine people? The industrial design of the human-machine relationship using the example of psychotechnology and Georg Schlesinger's work with war invalids. In: Würzburger medical historical reports 24, 2005, pp. 378–390.
  • Hans Christoph Graf von Seherr-Thoß:  Schlesinger, Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 63 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Günter Spur , Wolfram Fischer (Ed.): Georg Schlesinger and the science of factory operations . Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2000

Web links

Commons : Georg Schlesinger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Katja Patzel-Mattern: Human machines - machine people? The industrial design of the human-machine relationship using the example of psychotechnology and Georg Schlesinger's work with war invalids. In: Würzburger medical history reports 24, 2005, pp. 378-390, here: p. 381
  2. ↑ Katja Patzel-Mattern, p. 381
  3. ^ Homepage of the Georg-Schlesinger-Schule, machine and production technology OSZ Berlin
  4. ↑ Günter Spur: Production Technology in Transition , Hanser Verlag, 1979, p. 13.
  5. ↑ Günter Spur: Production Technology in Transition , Hanser Verlag, 1979, p. 13.
  6. ^ Günter Spur: Production Technology in Transition , Hanser Verlag, 1979, foreword.
  7. ↑ Jochen Kress: Selection and use of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride in turning, milling and reaming In: Vulkan-Verlag, series ISF, page 1
personal data
SURNAME Schlesinger, Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mechanical engineer and professor of mechanical engineering
DATE OF BIRTH January 17, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH October 6, 1949
Place of death Wembley near London