Gerkerather Mill
| Gerkerather Mill
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.jpg) The Gerkerather Mühle (state 2010) |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 9 '20 " N , 6 ° 21' 41" E | |
| Location | Mönchengladbach - Rheindahlen -Gerkerath | |
| Built | 1733 | |
| Shut down | 1927 conversion to electric drive | |
| Status | Structure preserved, wings and harvester removed, grinder preserved | |
| technology | ||
| use | Flour mill | |
| drive | Windmill | |
| Windmill type | Tower windmill , Erddolländer | |
| Number of wings | 4th | |
| Tracking | Codend | |
The Gerkerather Mühle is a windmill in the Rheindahlen -Gerkerath district of Mönchengladbach in North Rhine-Westphalia .
The mill was built in 1733. It was entered under No. G 052 on June 5, 2007 in the monuments list of the city of Mönchengladbach . At its entrance is the Gerkerather Mühle crossroads , built in the 19th century .
location
The Gerkerather Mühle is located on the Gerkerather Mühle path of the same name , house number 38, in the north of Rheindahlen.
architecture
It is an erected on a Erdanschüttung, slightly conical from field fire bricks erbauter, round and unsegmented Mühlenturm a Tower Mill ( 'Erdholländer'). The mill used to be operated as a ground sail , as the wings almost reached down to the mound of earth.
The mill has two entrances, which are arranged in the south and north due to the prevailing westerly wind weather conditions. The main entrance in the south-east can be reached from the courtyard via a staircase made of bricks on top of the earth. The second entrance in the north is from the garden side. Installed offset in the tower shaft are small, vertical-format window openings that illuminate the interior. The cap that was originally rotatable in the wind has been preserved and covered with bitumen shingles. The wave head with the four chest pieces to hold the wings has been preserved. It is made of gray cast iron with four openings to accommodate the wings.
After storm damage, the wings themselves were removed, apart from the remains of the supporting wing beams, between 1928 and 1938 and sold to other mills. The wooden wing shaft has been preserved. It lies on two quartz stones. The front neck bearing carried the entire weight of the wings, the axle head and part of the wing axis. The rear bearing pin is made of metal and fastened in the wooden wing axis. A safety iron is installed over the rear wing hinge so that the wings and the canopy do not lift off in changing storm winds.
Due to the design, the hood was top-heavy, but this was compensated for by the rear harvester ( codend or sterz), with which the hood could be turned into the wind. All gears of the wind drive, from the hood to the grinding aisles , were removed during electrification in 1927. The shaft head or axle head is made of gray cast iron with four openings to accommodate the blades. A wooden ring forms the underside of the cap. Under the cap, a surrounding ring of bluestones completes the shaft. There is also a U-shaped wooden ring on the bluestone wreath, in which many small wooden balls run. The wooden rollers made it possible to turn the hood 360 degrees into the wind.
On the east side of the mill tower there is a colored statue of St. John Nepomuk in a round arch niche, above which is the inscription date of 1733. The west side of the tower shows bullet damage from the Second World War . The interior is divided into four floors and a basement.
Parts of the technical equipment of the electric drive of the grinding aisles were preserved. These include B. Transmission disks with shafts and wheels under the wooden floor of the first floor, which were used to operate the grinding mills, which were later driven by an electric slip ring motor. Internal access is via steep stairs. On the first floor there were originally two grinding courses, of which only the wheat grinding course, including the base and runner stones, has been preserved. Originally there was also a wheat meal on the second floor. So-called 'French' were recently used as grinding stones. They are freshwater quartzite stones that come from La Ferte sous Jouarre in Champagne . They were therefore also called champagne stones. These extremely hard stones were also used in motor mills to finely grind the flour and did not have to be sharpened as often as other stones made of sandstone or basalt lava . The runner stone was connected with iron bands and subsequently with a flat, worn basalt lava millstone for weighting. A stone crane with a spindle, in whose gripping arms the runner stone is attached, was used to lift the runner before the subsequent sharpening of both grinding stones . It has been preserved with this grinding process.
The object is important for human history, for cities and settlements and for the history of working and production conditions. There are scientific, in particular local, architectural and technical-historical reasons for its preservation and use.
See also
literature
- Paul Clemen: The art monuments of the cities and districts of Gladbach and Krefeld (= The art monuments of the Rhine province . Third volume, No. IV ). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1893 ( digitized [accessed on June 2, 2012]).
swell
- List of monuments of the city of Mönchengladbach. (PDF; 234.24 kB) In: moenchengladbach.de. City of Mönchengladbach, July 4, 2011, accessed on June 2, 2012 .
- Andrea Caspers: Monuments list of the city of Mönchengladbach. (PDF; 227.14 kB) In: moenchengladbach.de. April 24, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2012 .
- Käthe Limburg, Bernd Limburg: Monuments in the city of Mönchengladbach. In: on the way & at home - homepage of Käthe and Bernd Limburg. July 18, 2011, accessed February 27, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monuments list of the city of Mönchengladbach ( Memento of the original from October 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
