Germanium (IV) chloride

Structural formula
General
Surname	Germanium (IV) chloride
other names	Germanium tetrachloride Tetrachlorgerman
Molecular formula	GeCl 4
Brief description	colorless liquid with a pungent odor
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 10038-98-9 EC number 233-116-7 ECHA InfoCard 100.030.093 PubChem 66226 Wikidata Q421389
properties
Molar mass	214.45 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.88 g cm −3 (25 ° C)
Melting point	−49.5 ° C
boiling point	83 ° C
Vapor pressure	101 h Pa (21 ° C)
solubility	Decomposes in water soluble in many organic solvents, e.g. B. benzene , diethyl ether , carbon tetrachloride and acetone
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 314-330 EUH: 014 P: 260-280-284-305 + 351 + 338-310
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−531 kJ mol −1
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Germanium (IV) chloride is a chemical compound from the group of germanium compounds and chlorides .

Extraction and presentation

Germanium (IV) chloride can be obtained by reacting germanium or germanium (IV) oxide / germanium (II) oxide with chlorine or hydrogen chloride .

${\displaystyle {\ce {GeO2 + 4HCl -> GeCl4 + 2H2O}}}$

${\displaystyle {\ce {Ge + 2Cl2 -> GeCl4}}}$

properties

Germanium (IV) chloride is a colorless, air-smoking liquid with a pungent odor (from hydrochloric acid). It has a boiling point of 83 ° C and slowly hydrolyzes with water or acids to form germanium (IV) oxide. The corresponding germanium diimide is obtained by aminolysis . The extremely hydrolysis-sensitive orthoethyl germanic acid is formed with sodium ethanolate .

${\displaystyle {\ce {GeCl4 + 2H2O -> GeO2 + 4HCl}}}$

${\displaystyle {\ce {GeCl4 + 6NH3 -> Ge(NH)2 + 4NH4Cl}}}$

${\displaystyle {\ce {GeCl4 + 4NaOC2H5 -> Ge(OC2H5)4 + 4NaCl}}}$

With chlorides it forms chloro complexes of the type GeCl ₆ ²⁻ .

use

Germanium (IV) chloride is an important intermediate in germanium extraction and the microwave production of Hexachlordigerman Ge ₂ Cl ₆ . Highly pure germanium (IV) chloride is used in the production of optical waveguides made of quartz glass in order to create a high-purity germanium (IV) oxide layer in the core of the quartz fibers .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Germanium (IV) chloride data sheet (PDF) from Merck , accessed on June 14, 2011.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} data sheet Germanium (IV) chloride at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on July 29, 2017 ( PDF ).
3. ↑ ^{a b} Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 721.
4. ^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 1171 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
5. ↑ Wolfgang Legrum: Fragrances, between stink and fragrance , Vieweg + Teubner Verlag (2011) pp. 68–69, ISBN 978-3-8348-1245-2 .
6. ^ Robert Schwarz: Contributions to the chemistry of germanium. (I. Communication) . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society (A and B Series) . tape 62 , no. 9 , October 9, 1929, p. 2477 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19290620902 .
7. ^ Robert Schwarz, Peter W. Schenk: Contributions to the chemistry of Germanium, 2nd part: Germanium-nitrogen compounds . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society (A and B Series) . tape 63 , no. 2 , February 5, 1930, p. 296 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19300630204 .
8. ^ Robert Schwarz, PW Schenk, H. Giese: Contributions to the chemistry of Germanium (VI.) . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society (A and B Series) . tape 64 , no. 2 , February 4, 1931, p. 362 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19310640227 .
9. ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , p. 1015.
10. ^ Germanium tetrachloride (RMO GmbH) ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ).

Web links

• RL Benoit, J. Place: Fluoride complexes of germanium (IV) in aqueous solution . In: Canadian Journal of Chemistry . 41 (5), 1963, pp. 1170-1180, doi : 10.1139 / v63-165 .