Gilbert de Longueil

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Gilbert de Longueil, 1565

Gilbert de Longueil , also Gisbert (Gybertus) Longolius (* 1507 in Utrecht as Gijsbert van Langerack , † May 30 or 31, 1543 in Cologne ) was a Lower Rhine humanist . His work as personal physician to Archbishop Hermann von Wied in Cologne is not clearly documented. From 1539 to 1542 he was the (probably third) holder of the city professorship for Greek at the old University of Cologne .

Gilbert de Longueil owned a library of at least 148 titles, which he provided with numerous handwritten glosses .

Born as the offspring of an illegitimate branch of Mr. van Langeraeck from the Goye family based in Utrecht, he studied at Cologne University from 1524 to 1527, where he earned his artistic bachelor's degree and master's degree. A subsequent teaching activity together with Johannes Caesarius von Jülich , in which we can perhaps see his Greek teacher, is poorly documented .

In 1534 and 1535 he traveled to Italy. Stays in Bologna and Ferrara are definitely documented; Padua might be the first stop. His fellow student in Bologna and Ferrara was the Schweinfurt Graecist and doctor Johannes Sinapius (Senff) , who later converted to Protestantism , with whom he received his medical doctorate on June 23, 1435 in Ferrara . On the return trip, which followed soon after, he brought letters from Ferrara to Erasmus from Rotterdam in Basel. In Italy he seems to have adopted the humanist name "Longolius" - probably in reference to Christophe des Longueil (Longolius), who was not related to him.

In 1535 he was accepted by the town council of Deventer as town doctor and soon afterwards he also took over the management of the famous " Schola Daventriensis ". In Deventer he continued his work as an editor and scholiast of classical authors for school use and also wrote school regulations for the grammar school in Deventer, which have been handed down in Strasbourg.

The contact to the reformers and humanists Philipp Melanchthon and Joachim Camerarius I from Wittenberg and Leipzig, respectively, was presumably made through the canon at Thomas' Stift in Strasbourg .

In October 1538 the Cologne city council decided to offer Longolius the (vacant?) Professorship in Greek at the request of the student body. In Cologne he worked not only as an editor but also as a doctor and natural scientist. The botanist Carolus Figulus reported in 1540 that Longolius was working on a plant book. In 1544 , William Turner edited the "Dialogus de avibus" from his estate, which remained a fragment and is still used today as an important source for the zoology of chicken birds. A German translation has been available from Cologne University and City Library since April 2016.

Longolius left Cologne in 1542 and went with Johannes Bronckhorst van Nijmegen (Noviomagus) and Johannes Strubbe to Rostock, where he prepared a reform of the university published posthumously in 1544. Presumably called back to Cologne by Melanchthon in April 1543 as an educational reformer - he officially returned there to bring the library he had left behind to Rostock - Longolius died unexpectedly at the end of May 1543. Because of his attested participation in a "sub utraque" Eucharist, he was considered a Protestant , which is why the Cologne secondary clergy and the university were reluctant to be buried in Cologne. Longolius was buried in Bonn by Bucer and Melanchthon.

Soon after his death, the library was sold by his widow to Johannes Cincinnius , who combined it with his own book collection. In 1555, when Cincinnius had also died, his entire book inventory passed into the possession of the Werden monastery , where it remained until secularization . The largest part of the monastery library was then taken over by a predecessor of the University and State Library in Düsseldorf , where it is kept to this day.

literature

  • Heinz Finger : Gisbert Longolius. A Lower Rhine humanist. Studia humaniora. Series minor. Volume 3. Düsseldorf 1990, 116 pages, ISBN 3-7700-0818-9 .
  • Heinz Finger, Anita Benger: Cologne professor Gisbert Longolius, personal physician to Archbishop Hermann von Wied, and the remains of his library in the University Library of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, 1987 ( digitized version )
  • Andreas Freitäger: Gisbert Longolius' stay in Italy and his Greek professorship in Cologne. In: Düsseldorfer Jahrbuch 68/1997, pp. 57–75.
  • Karl Ernst Hermann Krause:  Longolius, Gisbert . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 155 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Vedder, Hans-Jürgen Hoffmann and Axel Peuster (†) (2016): The "Dialogue about the Birds" by G. LONGOLIUS (Cologne 1544) . Original Latin text, German translation, commentary. Electronic publication series of the University and City Library, 11th University and City Library, Cologne. ISBN 978-3-931596-96-5 http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/6613/
  2. ^ Gisbertus Longolius: Studii Litterarii Publici In Academia Rostochiensi, Diligens Et Accurata Restauratio. Dyetz, Rostochii 1544. ( evidence )
personal data
SURNAME Longueil, Gilbert de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Longolius, Gisbert; Gijsbert van Langerack (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lower Rhine humanist
DATE OF BIRTH 1507
PLACE OF BIRTH Utrecht
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1543
Place of death Cologne