Giovanni Francesco Straparola
Giovanni Francesco Straparola (da Caravaggio) (* around 1480 in Caravaggio near Bergamo , † around 1558 in Venice ?) Was an Italian collector of fairy tales .
Life
Almost nothing has come down to us about Straparola's life. The little that is known of his life and work can be found in the introduction to his book Merry Nights . He is said to have been born in Caravaggio around 1480 and later lived in Venice . It is said that he did not acquire any classical education. As an author, he does not value style and presentation and is not afraid of coarseness in expression. Compared to Boccaccio, he is "like an improviser to an art poet".
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Straparola is considered to be one of the first collectors of fairy tales in Europe, and with him the time of art fairy tales began . He is the first storyteller to tell folk topics on a broad scale, thus meeting the people's need for entertainment. Two of his stories are written in dialect, one (V, 3) in Bergamasque, the other (V, 4) in Paduan dialect, probably because of the comic effect. His stories are considered fantastic and primitive at the same time. In 1508 the poetry collection Canzionere was published , a book in 12 chapters with 115 sonnets and 35 Strambotti , a form of verse that was particularly widespread in southern Italy during the Italian Renaissance.
He is of historical importance as the first collector of fairy tales, which he published between 1550 and 1553 as Le piacevoli notti (German: The delightful nights ).
Le Piacevoli notti
As with Boccaccio's Decamerone, the stories of the “delightful nights” are integrated into a framework narrative, but stylistically cannot be compared with him. The collection contains 75 stories and novellas , 21 of which are fairy tales .
During the carnival season in a villa (probably that of the Bishop of Lodi ) on Murano, the framework story tells a sophisticated society of men and women in thirteen nights of novellas and fairy tales, at the end of which a riddle is asked and solved. In the first twelve nights five stories are told each time, and on the thirteenth night thirteen stories are told.
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The work was extremely popular and had over 50 editions within a few decades.
In the later editions of 1556, the fifth novella of the eighth night was replaced by two other stories out of religious consideration, so that from now on the work comprises 74 stories. From 1598 it was censored due to dishonorable allusions and indecentities on the clergy, as in the story of the priest Scarpacifico and the three muggers, which later served as a template for Little Klaus and Big Klaus . Some novels in which clerics play a role are removed, there is even a papal ban.
Straparola borrowed 23 of his novellas from the Neapolitan Hieronymus Morlini , 16 from Sachetti , Brevio , Ser Giovanni , the old French Fabliaux , the Legenda Aurea and the Roman de Merlin ; others go back to an Arabic novel over forty days and evenings, and still others go back to a thousand and one nights .
The thief Cassandrino
Cassandrino has a friend, the praetor . He loves him so much that he doesn't let him punish him for his constant thefts. However, Cassandrino should prove to him what a good thief he is. For this reason he gives him 3 tasks: Cassandrino is supposed to steal his bed while he sleeps, steal a horse at night which is guarded by servants and finally bring the priest Severino to him in a sack. Cassandrino always uses a ruse to fulfill his friend's wishes (he digs up a corpse for the bed, he places the servant who sleeps on the horse on wooden stakes and he promises the priest when he comes to him in the form of an angel to enter into glory when he goes into the sack). When he has done all things, he becomes a righteous person and businessman.
Priest Scarpacifico
After buying a donkey at the market, the priest is tricked by three robbers who talk the donkey off him because after all it is a donkey and not a mule. After the priest has discovered the deception, he wants to take revenge on the robbers. He does 3 things: he sells them a goat that supposedly can go home and order food from the women, he sells them a bagpipe, which supposedly can be used to revive the dead (then the robbers kill their wives) and he lets them believe when they tie him into a sack, but he can escape in their absence and put a shepherd in his place, who is then thrown into the river by the robbers, that he did not drown in the sack, but as richer Schäfer has returned, whereupon the robbers also have themselves constricted in sacks and thrown into the water. They then die, but the priest returns home a rich man with a flock of sheep.
The princess as a knight
Ricardo is the king of Thebes . When he is an old man, he decides to divide his kingdom for his three daughters. He keeps a small piece of land for himself. But then his wife becomes pregnant again and the fourth girl can no longer receive any land. Her parents want to marry her off to a lower class man because she no longer has any claim to a king (she has no property and no land that could serve as a dowry). Thereupon Constanza decides to travel around the world as Constanzo to look for a king. She comes to King Caco, whom she begins to serve. He has a wife who falls in love with Constanzo. When her love turns into hate, she wants to get rid of Constanzo by telling Caco to catch a satyr , a half-human, half-animal monster that has not yet been caught by anyone. But Constanzo manages and when he brings him to the king, the satyr begins to laugh three times: once at the funeral of a child, once at the execution of a poor man and once when he sees the queen. The reason for this is that the satyr possesses magical abilities and sees that the father of the child who was buried is not the real father, the poor man has not committed any real theft compared to the spectators of the execution and the servants of the Queen are partly men. Thereupon Caco has his wife and the men killed, Constanza reveals herself and marries the king.
Work editions
- Enjoyable nights. Translated by Adelbert von Keller , Ill. Franz Stassen . Wigand, Leipzig, undated (approx. 1910).
- The novels and tales of the merry nights. 2 volumes. Translated by Hanns Floerke , Georg Müller-Verlag, 1920.
- Enjoyable nights. Hermann Meister Verlag. Heidelberg 1950. ( The small master books . 108)
- Enjoyable nights. Eighteen bold stories. Desch, Munich 1968.
- The delightful nights of Giovan Francesco Straparola. Ed. Werner Heilmann, transl. Alfred Semerau. 3. Edition. Heyne, Munich 1982, ( Exquisit-Bücher . 197). ISBN 3-453-50166-7
- The unfaithful Polissena: delightful and maddened novels from ancient Italy. According to the translations of Keller u. Floerke, edit. Edited by Gerda Böttcher. Ill. Inge Jastram. Eulenspiegel-Verlag, Berlin, 1989, ISBN 978-3-359-00350-2 . (Also as audio book: DAISY, speaker: Katarina Regehr)
Adaptations in the media
- Le Piacevoli notti. Italy, 1966. (Engl. Delightful nights ., Eng Pleasant Nights ) Director: Armando Crispino , Luciano Lucignani , Cast: Vittorio Gassman , Gina Lollobrigida , Ugo Tognazzi , Adolfo Celi , Eros Pagni, Gigi Proietti, Carmen Scarpitta, Maria Grazia Buccella , Hélène Chanel , Luigi Vannucchi, Magda Konopka , Omero Antonutti , and others. a.
literature
- Ruth B. Bottigheimer: Fairy godfather. Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., Philadelphia 2002. ISBN 0-8122-3680-7
- The Great Fairy Tale Tradition. From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm. Norton Critical Editions. ISBN 0-393-97636-X
- Ursula Klöne: The inclusion of the fairy tale in Italian art prose from Straparola to Basile. Dissertation, Marburg 1961.
Web links
- Literature by and about Giovanni Francesco Straparola in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in the Gutenberg-DE project
Individual evidence
- ^ Alfred Semerau, 1980
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an edition online on weblink Gutenberg
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Edition lit. Eulenspiegel-Verlag, 1989
- ↑ a b c d edition lit. Meister-Verlag, 1950
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Straparola, Giovanni Francesco |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Straparola da Caravaggio, Giovanni Francesco |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian author and fairy tale collector |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1480 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Caravaggio near Bergamo |
| DATE OF DEATH | around 1558 |
| Place of death | unsure: Venice |