Gypsum opencast mine in Lübenheen

Gypsum opencast mine in Lübenheen
General information about the mine
View of the Gypsum opencast mine in Lübheen around 1894.
other names	Broken plaster of paris Lübenheen
Mining technology	Open pit on 0.015 km²
Funding / year	Plaster of paris in blocks / pieces = 9,589 quintals, prepared plaster = 34,470 quintals, calcined plaster = 1,111.25 tons (old measure), alabaster plaster = 196 cubic feet (highest conveying capacity in 1832/33). For units of measurement see: Old dimensions and weights (Mecklenburg) . Max. 500 (new) t
Funding / total	estimated amount of raw gypsum at least. 108,000 t
Information about the mining company
Operating company	State and private
Employees	up to 200
Start of operation	1830
End of operation	1898
Successor use	filled up
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Plaster.
Mightiness	not fully explored
Greatest depth	12 m
Geographical location
Coordinates	53 ° 17 '59.6 "  N , 11 ° 5' 59.7"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 17 '59.6 "  N , 11 ° 5' 59.7"  E
Location Lübenheen plaster mine
Location	On the eastern outskirts of Lübenheen
local community	Lübheen
District ( NUTS3 )	Ludwigslust-Parchim district
country	State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Country	Germany
District	North German Potash District (Mecklenburg)

The plaster surface mining Lübtheen - also known as gypsum fraction referred - not far east of the 'Linde City Lübtheen ' ( district of Ludwigslust-Parchim ) located, served among other things, the recovery of gypsum as a fertilizer, gypsum for bricklaying, plastering and screed work and for medical purposes. With the operation of the gypsum mine, the gypsum processing and a bone meal factory began in the first third of the 19th century from an arable and grazing rural town to a considerable industrial location.

Geological situation

The Gypsum deposit in Lübheen is part of the Lübenheen-Jessenitz salt dome, often referred to as the Lübenheen salt dome for short. This strikes in a north-west-south-east direction and sits on a salt foot about 17 kilometers long and about 10 kilometers wide, facing northwest. The salt level is −240 m above sea level. The breakthrough of the salt dome through the overlying layers occurred about 100 million years ago in the Albium. The further rise of the salt took place about 55 million years ago in the Tertiary and its main development phase is dated to the Oligocene (about 25 million years ago) and Neogene (about 5 million years ago). The uppermost layer of the Zechstein deposits, the main anhydrite (up to 120 m thick, referred to as Zechstein 3 of the so-called linen series), has been converted into gypsum by subrosive influences.

The rise in terrain over the salt dome indicates recent ascent movements. This also includes the so-called Mühlenberg, under whose dune sands the gypsum deposits were discovered when they were removed. According to the records of the chamber registrar Johann Bernhard Otto Jeppe (the only major publication on the history of the Gypsum production in Lübheen), the Mühlenberg formed a ridge that stretches from northwest to southeast, which on its southwestern side fell steeper and deeper, but on its northeastern side it fell significantly flatter. Its area measured 1354 square rods (= approx. 29340 m²).

Already during the exploratory drilling it was found that the plaster of paris is criss-crossed by countless crevices and crevices up to large vents . It has been proven that these chasms and cleft systems exist in such dimensions that led to the collapse of the overburden above them and to the formation of so-called (naturally occurring) pings on the surface (see adjacent figure: Probst Jesar See and Großer Sarm).

Discovery of gypsum deposits

Jeppe ' s version of the discovery of the gypsum deposit was certainly based on the following first official description of the gypsum deposit:

On the orders of Sr. Königl. Highness, the Grand Duke Friedrich Franz , dated February 2, 1826, the Chief Medical Officer Dr. G. Brückner from Ludwigslust nine days the Mühleberg near Lübtheen and met beside the chamberlain later of mandrels and the Steiger lot of beer , which - had worked in "gypsum mines" - his statements after. In Brückner's report to the Grand Duke of February 14, 1826, one can read:

“About 1000 paces west of Lübenheen, to the right of the road to Probst-Jesar, a long, round hill rises out of the flat edge of the field and meadows up to a size of thirty feet , 250 paces long and 150 paces wide from southwest to northeast, called the Mühlberg . The late Postrath Kentzler owned a meadow under the south-west side of the mountain, the poor yield of which he processed by driving sand from this side of the mountain in such a way that other residents of Lübenheen were also able to use these sand deposits in a similar way. About three thousand Fuder must have come across when the workers came across the rock, first on the northwest corner of the mountain, but soon also further south. The size and the shimmering appearance of the stone caught the attention of the day laborer Jentz, who is considered to be the first to discover it. An old drifting bricklayer had suggested that this stone might well be gypsum. Postmaster Flügge found this confirmed in a natural history book. Louise Behr, the daughter of the post councilor Kentzler, made the first attempt to burn the Gyps, pulverize it, stir it with water again and pour it into a bowl. "

Postrat Kentzler , whose official lands also included the Mühlenberg, had sand applied to a meadow on the east side of the Mühlenberg from around 1820 to improve the quality of the soil. For this purpose he used the dune sand that is stored on the Mühlenberg and is typical of this area. Other citizens of Lübenheen also fetched sand; mainly as sand in the winter months. After Kentzler's death i. In 1825 this removal from the Mühlenberg continued until one day a solid ground in the form of a “white stone” was struck.

"Since the news of this find aroused great interest, several residents of Lübenheen went there, including Mr. Postmaster Flügge, now to Redefin. It did not remain doubtful for long that the large stone that lay exposed was a gypsum mass, which the pharmacist Hennings explained as well, although some of those present wanted to mistake the shimmering white mass for petrified snow. "

The Grand Ducal Chamber in Schwerin commissioned the Oberland master builder Wünsch and the chief engineer Adam Christian Mengebier, who had previously been involved with the exploration of the Malliß lignite deposit , to investigate this occurrence further .

Mengebier brought drilling equipment and crew from Malliss and demonized a total of 12 drillings (see above figure in the middle). Of the wells shown here, five of the wells did not reach the gypsum store (Bound No. II, depth of 22 feet; Bore No. V and VI, each depth 19 1/2 feet; Bore No. VIII, depth 19 feet ; Volume No. XI, depth of 36 feet). However, it reached holes No. I (at 33 feet), III (at 19 1/2 feet), IV (at 15 feet), VII (at 38 feet), IX (at depth 40 feet), X (at 40 feet), and XII (at 52 feet).

Initial calculations based on these and other drilling results put the gypsum supply at at least 10 million cubic feet . First chemical investigations of the raw gypsum showed that it contained sulphate of lime (i.e. gypsum, CaSO ₄ ) as well as proportions of carbonate of lime ( i.e. ordinary quicklime , CaO). The pure plaster content was around 55 percent. However, it was also found that the gypsum deposit was locally very changeable in terms of its material inventory.

Plant management, employees and extraction work

The land was owned by the manor and so the gypsum deposit was opened up under the direction of the Grand Ducal Chamber. First an operations manager had to be appointed. This was done by Grand Duke Friedrich Franz I personally:

“Dear faithful! We have graciously decided to appoint you to be the manager of the plaster works at Lübenheen, so we order you to take up this position immediately and to go to the said plaster works for the purpose. A preliminary instruction is given and you have to follow the same until further orders. You have to notify our Cammer College as well as the Hagenow Office that you have actually moved here. Given to Schwerin d. Nov. 3, 1829. To Friedrich Skoglund zu Ludwigslust. "

The gypsum was excavated both by drilling and blasting, as Jeppe reported in his publication published in November 1853 [...] "... so that the camp can be drained, blown up with powder and the gypsum can be broken out", as well as with a pickaxe , crowbar , shovel including tools. This drilling and blasting work was initially carried out every two years - the so-called 'break' - and later even annually.

According to Carl Wilhelm August Balck , the most important estimated dates of the operation of the gypsum works Lübenheen up to around 1875 are summarized as follows:

Extent of the gypsum store: about 2000 square meters .

Reservoirs: approximately 15 million cubic feet of raw gypsum.

Possible extraction of 7 million cents of raw gypsum at an estimated cost of 263,270 thalers .

Employment of 50 workers.

Costs incurred in the buildings for personnel and machines: 10,000 thalers in 1827.

Establishment of various defeats in other cities to distribute the products.

Friedrich Skoglund was in charge of the stately gypsum works until 1848. He was replaced by the construction manager Koch . So far only gypsum has been produced as a fertilizer for agriculture.

The strong Prussian competition gradually squeezed the profit (initially still annual surplus of 2,500 thalers, tendency falling; until - around 1850 - in a deficit ). A complete exemption from tax, land and water customs duties for the plaster goods in Lübheen was of little help.

So it was not surprising that Grand Duke Friedrich Franz I no longer wanted to carry out the gypsum extraction on his own account, but wanted to lease the plant.

“Just as little was the building manager Koch, later a master builder in Güstrow, who took over the management of the plant in 1848, to achieve success, although the plaster of paris was still so high at that time that it could be broken without special equipment. In the meantime the Berlin-Hamburg railway was being built, and the railway builder Fritze had come to Lübenheen to determine the line. [...] Fritze recognized the profitability of the Gypsum production in Lübenheen, which so far only lacked the right management. He joined forces with some capitalists (Baurat Neuhaus and banker Mendelsohn-Berlin) and leased the plant for 30 years, from Easter 1853 to 1883. "

A. Fritze received the factory and staff buildings for a certain price and an open pit area of ​​1136 square rods for exploitation in unlimited depth. The rent for 100 cubic feet of raw gypsum was 3 1/8 thalers, but at least 1562 1/2 thalers per year (= value of 50,000 cubic feet). The tenant profit was initially 300 thalers / a., Has increased three to four times after 10 years. Fritze purchased two large steam engines ( Borsig steam engines ) that drained the gypsum quarry and drove the mill to crush the broken material. Fritze ' s employee Deutsch now also pushed the production of baked plaster, plaster for plastering work and for medical purposes (range: see list below).

With the help of Borsig's steam engines and pumps, on the one hand the gypsum quarry was drained, on the other hand these steam engines also served to drive the gypsum mills, which crushed the raw gypsum into powder.

In 1860 an average of 30 to 40 workers were employed in two shifts. The annual raw gypsum production was 70 to 100 thousand quintals. The broken plaster of paris was loaded onto wheelbarrows and transported on a plank ramp resting on stilts to the storage area near the factory (see photo opposite). The unclean parts of the gypsum store - the overburden  - ended up in the same way on overburden storage areas. According to Meyer ' s (1923), up to 200 workers were in the quarry at the time the gypsum was broken. This work took about 3-4 months.

The lease contract with Mr. Fritze must have been terminated as early as 1882, because the archives can be read:

"At the moment, in addition to day workers, the Gypswerk employs: a) the manager German , about whose salary the two contracts attached in transcript provide information. In addition to the cash income listed there, he has free accommodation and a garden. b) a factory inspector with a monthly income of 120 marks, i.e. 1,440 marks per annum, and free apartment. The previous inspector Trenckler , who acted after the previous large lease period, passed away 8 days ago. […] D) an accountant with 66 marks per month, ie 792 marks per annum, without any further income. According to the assurance of the operations director, to whom we also owe the above information, the earnings of the Gypswerk were more important before 1870 than later, and in some cases so important that the annual net profit was over 36,000 marks and the annual royalty of the operations director was approximately 7200 marks. "

The annual average net income was 165,000 marks and the net income of the least productive year of operation until 1874, 1870/71, was still 14,138 marks. The annual rent to be paid by the lessee was 4,700 marks.

Preparation and distribution

The very first attempts by Steigers Mengebier to burn the raw gypsum - the boiler was fired with Mallisser brown coal - showed that [...] ... "50 pounds of gypsum stone with 1/2 Bergscheffel brown coal = 40 pounds after 4 hours of burning gave 36 pounds of burned gypsum , which was characterized by its dazzling white color and was not inferior to the Parisian Alsbastergyps in terms of delicacy and softness of the grain. 1 cubic foot of gypsum yielded 1 bushel of gypsum flour after firing. The kilns were later fired almost exclusively with peat. According to the archives, the gypsum works moved into the peat from the Lohsen'chen moors on “highest instruction” .

The administration of the “ Grand Ducal Gyps Plant and Bone Meal Factory in Lübheen i.Meckl. "Listed their products as follows:

For structural and technical purposes:

1. Bricklayer - gypsum: as an additive to lime mortar, for cleaning ceilings and walls.

2. Stucco - plaster: for casting stucco items, rosettes , cornices , rods etc.

3rd mold - plaster of paris: for casting molds for iron foundries, brickworks etc.

4. Alabaster - plaster: for fine plastering and stucco work, as well as shaping purposes.

5. Bandage - plaster of paris: for bandage purposes in hospitals and clinics.

6. Bandage - plaster: like the previous plaster, but (brand V / EF) is significantly better in quality.

7. Roman alabaster - plaster: is used for art castings and the finest molding purposes.

8. Screed - gypsum: for fireproof and joint-free flooring on grain floors, barn floorboards, verandas, storage cellars, etc.

For agricultural purposes are manufactured:

9. Bone meal No. I: steamed, unglued and very finely ground.

10. Bone meal No. II: the same as before, only digested by sulfuric acid.

11. Food - bone meal No. III: as an addition to cattle feed.

12. Manure - gypsum: for scattering in the stables, for sprinkling the manure heaps to fix the ammonia and to preserve the manure; for spreading in the field with peas, clover etc.

Furthermore, whole plaster floors were made of screed - gypsum as well as plasterboards for plaster ceilings, without formwork (at any time, in winter as in summer). 

With a "Serenissimo Allerunterthänigstes Pro Memoria" (= [Latin] in memory, in memory of) of September 10, 1832, the Grand Duke Friedrich Franz reminded that [...] "by means of publicity on April 17 of this year, half of the Tax, - on land and customs duties on the sale of this gypses, is temporarily exempt for three years. The Grand Ducal Chamber has now repeatedly reported on the acts that the sale of this patriotic product in the competition of foreign gypses does not exist could if he were not at least temporarily exempt from all tax and customs duties ".

A complete exemption from tax, land and water customs duties already took place on September 3, 1832. And on September 21 / October 29, 1832, the Grand Duke also decreed that no tax passes are required for the plaster transports, if these loads are legitimized with loading notes from the Grand Ducal Office of Hagenow (see figure opposite).

Year of production	Plaster of paris in pieces (in hundredweight)	powdered plaster of paris (in hundredweight)	baked plaster ( in "old" tons )	Alabaster plaster of paris (in cubic feet)
by Johannis 1829/30	110, loc. 112 shillings	145, loc. 112 shillings	no manufacture	no manufacture
by Johannis 1830/31	9589, loc . 112 shillings	4262, loc . 112 shillings	105, loc. 112 shillings	3, a. 150 marks
by Johannis 1831/32	6870, loc . 112 shillings	12754, loc . 112 shillings	638 1/4, a. 112 shillings	12, a. 150 marks
by Johannis 1832/33	8808, loc . 112 shillings	17309, loc . 112 shillings	368, loc. 112 shillings	181, loc. 150 marks

Last years of operation / shutdown of the plant

In 1883 the gypsum extraction became difficult, the opencast mine was now 12 m deep. The above report also states that neither the previous tenant nor the previous manager wanted to continue the business, so that new staff had to be found for the continuation of the work on the manorial account.

On March 31, 1883, the gypsum factory was again run as a stately company. On May 21, 1883, the following were employed for further operations: Operations director Uhthoff , operations inspector JAG Bock . The 76-year-old machinist Thomas was granted an immediate pension of 600 marks / a after 35 years of service. Ernst Finger became an accountant ; An office clerk is a Mr. Hennings . The application of a machinist by the name of Freitag was rejected [...] because he is already 55 years old ".  Book was sworn in on May 21, 1883 in front of the Hagenow office. [...]" The director of operations is particularly advised to avoid any misinterpretation that through the execution of the contract he enters into a contract relationship and not into the relationship of a grand ducal servant ". 

The annual report for the business year 1892/93 states that the break period began at the beginning of the business year and ended on July 10, 1893. During this time, there was no notable accident in the gypsum mine. Around 150,000 quintals with a value of 37,500 marks were funded. The following was sold: 35,816.08 quintals of plaster of paris, 5,696 quintals of fertilizer plaster, 285.25 quintals of bone meal and some disinfectant powder. 

This file also mentions that contributions to health insurance, disability and old-age insurance and workers' accident insurance totaling 1,215.09 Marks were made for the past year of operation. His fixed annual salary was agreed at 1,500M. There were also vacant official apartments and farm buildings. The maintenance of these properties was carried out on a stately account. Light and fire were free. He was able to use the service land (gardens, fields, meadows and unusable areas) with a size of 2 hectares 73 acres 79 m² free of charge. Furthermore, his contract included the payment of a royalty amounting to 20% of the net income of the plant up to an amount of 16,500 marks and a royalty of 10% of the net income in excess of this amount.

Operations director Uhthoff died on the night of 4/5. November 1887. This made it necessary to appoint a new operations manager. According to the archive files, it was: Operations director JAG Bock (formerly operations inspector under Uhthoff ). His employment contract dated April 19, 1888 includes a six-month notice period or immediate termination in accordance with items 1 to 6 of Article 64 of the German Commercial Code . And should he, contrary to expectations, fail to meet his obligations, he has to pay full compensation to the Grand Ducal High Chamber.

With a contract dated October 2, 1895, mine director Hugo Sholto Oskar Georg von Douglas leased the gypsum works for three years and began the preparations for the sinking of the Friedrich Franz shaft . The gypsum plant was operated for another three years by the former 'manorial' operations director and later leaseholder Bock .

Surveyor Wöhler extracted the following parcel sizes from the field register from 1882, taking into account the changes that have still taken place in the meantime (in particular the use of the area as storage space for the overburden from the gypsum quarry) (here only an excerpt from his list):

position	Area name	Size in square laughs	Size in square meters
No. 10	Plaster break	374	8108
No. 11	Plaster break	320	6937
No. 12	Storage place f. Overburden	123	2666
No. 13	Storage place f. Overburden	172	3728
No. 14	Storage place f. Overburden	265	5744
No. 15	Storage place f. Overburden	206	4466

The differentiation of the storage locations is due to the different parcel numbers. In total, the gypsum works area comprised 2552 square lights or 5 hectares of 53 ares 22 square meters.

The on-site handover / takeover of the gypsum works area including the Büdnereien to von Douglas took place on February 19, 1896. This includes the business premises of the operations director (2 hectares 73 ares 79 m²) and the machinist (73 ares 27 m²).

In 1898 the extraction and processing of gypsum was stopped. Half of the gypsum mine was filled in.

• 

  Location of the former gypsum quarry Lübenheen, at the edge of which the “Friedrich Franz” shaft was sunk.

• 

  dito.

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  Gypsum quarry and Gypsum works Lübenheen, view from the east.

• 

  Preparation for sinking the Friedrich-Franz-Schacht.

• 

  Delivery note / invoice.

Explanations

Back then: 1 foot = 0.291 meters, 1 cubic foot = 0.0847 m³, 1 "centner" = 112 pounds, 1 "ton" = 145 kg. 1 square laugher = 4,378 m².

literature

• Ernst Fulda: On the origin of the German Zechstein salts . Journal of the German Geological Society Volume 75, Berlin 1923, pp. 1-13.
• Eugen Geinitz: The geological conditions of the Lübheen salt warehouse. –In: The salt mine "Friedrich-Franz" in Lübenheen i. M., printed by the Bärensprungschen Hofbuchdruckerei Schwerin i. M., 1906. Schwerin State Library, signature Mklbg. f. IV 1263.
• Eugen Geinitz: On the geology of the Lübheener mountain range I. and II . -In: Archives of the Association of Friends of Natural History in Mecklenburg, Volume 65 (1911) and Volume 66 (1912), Schwerin State Library.
• Gerhard Katzung (Hrsg.): Geology of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2004
• Rudolf Meinhold: Comments on the question of the salt rise . Freiberg research notebooks C22, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1956.
• Günter Pinzke: The salt mines of Mecklenburg . 1st edition Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2014, ISBN 978-3-7357-7441-5 .
• Günter Pinzke: On the history of the mining and saltworks in Mecklenburg and their initiators. -In: Scientific journal of the Wilhelm-Pieck-Universität Rostock. Ostseedruck Rostock, 1986. ISSN 0323-4630.
• Günter Pinzke: personalities of the mining and salt works in Mecklenburg. -In: Contributions to the local history of the Schwerin district, Schweriner Blätter, No. 6 1986. ISSN 0232-7902.

Web links

Commons : Gipswerk Lübenheen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ NN = sea level = synonym for 'above sea level'. 
2. ↑ for short also called Alb = period in the history of the earth; highest level of the Lower Cretaceous Formation.
3. ↑ Since 2007 the previous 34 formations of the basin facies in Zechstein have been reduced to 7 formations. Zechstein 3 (Leine-Formation) has the abbreviation zL, Zechstein 2 (Staßfurt-Formation) the abbreviation zS etc. 
4. ↑ "The Gyps Works at Lübenheen". In: Archives for regional studies in the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and Revüe der Landwirthschaft ". Schwerin, Verlag der Expedition, 1853, page 709.
5. ↑ Johann Bernhard Otto Jeppe: "The Gypswerk at Lübenheen". In: Archives for regional studies in the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and Revue of Agriculture. - Schwerin, 1853, publisher of the expedition.
6. ↑ State Main Archives Schwerin, call number 2.26-1 / 1 Grand Ducal Cabinet I No. 758: "Acta of the gypsy camp found at bey Lübenheen and the establishment made for its use, 1826–1838.
7. ↑ Johann Bernhard Otto Jeppe: "The Gypswerk at Lübenheen". In: Archives for regional studies in the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and Revue of Agriculture. - Schwerin, 1853, Verlag der Expedition, page 708.
8. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 Ministry for Agriculture, Domains and Forests, No. 3603, “Acta Camerae regarding the Gypswerk zu Lübenheen and the operation of the same for the stately account from Easter 1823”, sheet 63.
9. ↑ Johann Bernhard Otto Jeppe: "The Gypswerk at Lübenheen". In: Archives for regional studies in the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and Revue of Agriculture. - Schwerin, 1853, Verlag der Expedition, page 715.
10. ↑ Also in the “Lübenheener Nachrichten, Localblatt für Lübenheen and surrounding area, No. 52, dated April 5, 1892 ”can be read: […]“ The demolition of the gypsum on the gypsum work and its removal is now being tackled. The workers currently employed there are over 100 ”.
11. ↑ "Financial conditions in Mecklenburg-Schwerin with special consideration of their historical development presented by CWABalck, auditor and board of directors of the Grand Duke. Audit Departments ". I. Volume, Wismar, Rostock and Ludwigslust. Printed and published by the Hinstorff'schen Hofbuchhandlung, 1877. Page 9. 
12. ^ Cantor K. Meyer: The story of Lübenheens. A picture from the past of Jabelheide. Publisher: Buchhandlung W. Meinert, Lübenheen i. M., 1923, p. 72.
13. ↑ According to a message from the director of the “Altes Küsterhaus” museum, Mrs. Marlies Bünsch .
14. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, No. 3603, “Acta Camerae regarding the gypsum works in Lübenheen and the operation of the same for the stately account from Easter 1823”. Report of the Grand Ducal officials Balck and von Blücher of August 22, 1882.
15. ↑ Johann Bernhard Otto Jeppe: "The Gypswerk at Lübenheen". In: Archives for regional studies in the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg and Revue of Agriculture. - Schwerin, 1853, Verlag der Expedition, page 708.
16. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, call number 2.26-1 / 1 Grand Ducal Cabinet I No. 758: "Acta des gypsies camp found bey Lübheen and the establishment made for its use concern., 1826–1838, sheet 63.
17. ↑ today a district called Loosen in the Alt Krenzlin community in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district .
18. ↑ When exactly the production of bone meal started remains to be researched.
19. ↑ According to a message from the director of the “Altes Küsterhaus” museum, Mrs. Marlies Bünsch .
20. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, No. 3603, “Acta Camerae regarding the Gypswerk zu Lübenheen and the operation of the same for the stately account from Easter 1823”, sheet 86.
21. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, call number 2.26-1 / 1 Grand Ducal Cabinet I No. 758, "Acta of the gypsy camp found near Lübenheen and the establishment made for its use concerned., 1826-1838, sheet 87 (abridged). Title:" Uebersicht von der Advance submission and information from the Grand Ducal Gypsies Works in Lübheen from Johannis 1829 to Johannis 1833; signed Joh. Carl Friedrich Crull ”.
22. ↑ State Main Archives Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 No. 3605, "Acta regarding the Gypswerk Lübenheen" 1894–1921.
23. ↑ State Main Archives Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 No. 3606, “Acta Camerea concerning the Officianten des Gypswerk Lübheen” 1887–1893. 1896.
24. ↑ State Main Archives Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 No. 3606, “Acta Camerea concerning the Officianten des Gypswerk Lübheen” 1887–1893. 1896.
25. ↑ State Main Archive Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 No. 3604, "Acta Camerea regarding the Gypswerk Lübheen" file "Cassa extract for the inventory on April 1, 1893".
26. ↑ State Main Archives Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 No. 3606, “Acta Camerea concerning the Officianten des Gypswerk Lübheen” 1887–1893. 1896.
27. ↑ State Main Archive Schwerin, signature 5.12-4 / 2 No. 3605, "Acta regarding the Gypswerk Lübenheen 1894–1921.