Giuseppe Bottai

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Giuseppe Bottai (1937)

Giuseppe Bottai (born November 3, 1895 in Rome , † January 9, 1959 in Rome) was an Italian politician and worked as a long-time minister under Benito Mussolini . In July 1943 he contributed significantly to the fall of the Fascist Grand Council .

Live and act

Bottai comes from a family of winemakers in Tuscany . When the First World War broke out , he volunteered for the army and was wounded so badly in 1917 that he could no longer be used in the war.

After the war he studied law in Rome and during this time came through Filippo Marinetti's Futurist Party to the Fascist Party , of which he was a founding member in 1919. Benito Mussolini made him editor-in-chief of the party newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia after completing his law studies in 1921 . From June 1921 until 1943 he was a member of the Camera dei deputati . When marching on Rome , he led the column that marched from Tivoli. In 1923 he founded the newspaper La rivista critica fascista . In 1926 he became Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Labor and in 1929 himself Minister of Labor until 1932. Here he was able to try to implement the ideas of corporatism . His longest ministerial post was Minister of Education (November 15, 1936 to February 5, 1943).

In between he was appointed professor of political science at the University of Pisa in 1930.

From 1932 to 1935 he was President of the National Institute for Social Welfare , then until 1936 Governor of Rome. He took part in the Abyssinian War and became the first civil governor of Addis Ababa . In 1938 he introduced a consistent " Aryanization policy " in the education system by recording the Jewish teaching staff and having them and Jewish pupils and students excluded from state schools and universities.

In 1943 he voted in the Grand Council for the removal of Mussolini. For this he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Congress of the Italian Social Republic (in Salò ) in January 1944, at the Verona trial. In the same year he reported under a false name to the French Foreign Legion , with whom he fought against the German occupation and where he served until 1948. The Allies sentenced him to prison , but already amnestied in 1947, he returned to Italy in 1948 and from then on only worked as a journalist. In 1949 he wrote his memoir Vent'anni e un giorno and in 1953 founded the critical magazine ABC , which he directed until his death.

He was expelled in 1946 from the Accademia dei Lincei , of which he had been a corresponding member since 1937.

The Economics and Social Sciences Faculty of the University of Cologne awarded the Minister of Education an honorary doctorate during their 550th anniversary celebration in June 1938, but withdrew it from him after his political about-turn on February 1, 1944.

Parts of his library (approx. 1500 volumes) were acquired by the German Historical Institute in Rome after his death .

literature

Web links

Commons : Giuseppe Bottai  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ In the literature, for example in the DBI, September is usually given, whereas the historical portal of the Camera mentions November 3rd.
  2. ^ Annalisa Capristo: The Exclusion of Jews from Italian Academies. In: Joshua D. Zimmerman: Jews in Italy under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922-1945. Cambridge 2005, pp. 81–95, here: p. 84.
  3. ↑ All additions and corrections according to: Silke Dombrowe, Julia Müller: Section A special case: Dr.rer.pol.hc Giuseppe Bottai. In: Margit Szöllösi-Janze , Andreas Freitäger: Doctorate revoked! Withdrawal of academic titles at the University of Cologne from 1933 to 1945. Nümbrecht 2005, pp. 34–36.
  4. ↑ Inventory history of the library , section "From the 1960s"


personal data
SURNAME Bottai, Giuseppe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian politician
DATE OF BIRTH November 3, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Rome
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1959
Place of death Rome