Gliese 1

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Star
Gliese 1
AladinLite
Observation
dates equinox :  J2000.0 , epoch : J2000.0
Constellation sculptor
Right ascension 00 h 05 m 24.43 s
declination −37 ° 21 ′ 26.5 ″
Apparent brightness 8.56 likes
Typing
B − V color index +1.46 
U − B color index +1.05 
R − I index +1.16 
Spectral class M2 V
Variable star type BY 
Astrometry
Radial velocity +25.29 ± 0.15 km / s
parallax 230.13 ± 0.06  mas
distance 14.166 ± 0.004  Lj
4.34  pc
Visual absolute brightness M vis 10.35 mag
Proper movement 
Rec. Share: +5633.37 ± 0.17  mas / a
Dec. portion: −2336.69 ± 0.08  mas / a
Physical Properties
Dimensions (0.397 ± 0.008)  M ☉
radius (0.396 ± 0.012)  R ☉
Effective temperature 3380  K
Metallicity [Fe / H] −0.39
Age 100,000  a
Other names
and catalog entries
Cordoba Survey CD -37 ° 15492
Henry Draper Catalog HD 225213 [1]
Gliese catalog FY 1 [2]
Hipparcos catalog HIP 439 [3]
SAO catalog SAO 192348 [4]
Tycho catalog TYC 6995-1264-1 [5]Template: Infobox star / maintenance / specification of the TYC catalog
2MASS catalog 2MASS J00052423-3721257 [6]
Other names G 267-025, CPD − 37 ° 9435, GCTP 5817.00, LHS 1, LTT 23, NLTT 134, NSV 15017

Gliese 1 is a red dwarf in the constellation Sculptor in the southern starry sky. At 14.2 light years, it is one of the stars closest to the Sun. Because of its proximity to the earth, it is a frequent subject of study, which is why much is known about its physical properties and composition. However, with an apparent magnitude of 8.5 mag, it is far too faint to be observed without a telescope .

Discovery story

The star's high proper motion was first recorded by Benjamin Gould in 1885. At the time, the star was known as Cordoba ZC 23h 1584 . Due to its very close location to the origin of the RA coordinates the era B1950.0 the star carries both the Catalog of Nearby Stars of Wilhelm Gliese and in Luyten Half-Second catalog of Willem Jacob Luyten each of the first number.

distance

Determining the distance for Gliese 1
source Parallax (mas) Distance (pc) Distance (Lj) Distance ( Pm )
Woolley et al. (1970) 225 ± 8 4.44   +0.16−0.15 14.5 ± 0.5 137.1   +5.1−4.7
Gliese & Jahreiß (1991) 221.8 ± 7.7 4.51   +0.16−0.15 14.7 ± 0.5 139.1   +5.0−4.7
van Altena et al. (1995) 219.4 ± 9.3 4.56   +0.20−0.19 14.9   +0.7−0.6 140.6   +6.2−5.7
Perryman et al. (1997) (Hipparcos) 229.33 ± 1.08 4.361   +0.021−0.020 14.22 ± 0.07 134.6 ± 0.6
Perryman et al. (1997) (Tycho) 220.10 ± 13.10 4.54   +0.29−0.26 14.8   +0.9−0.8 140.2   +8.9−7.9
van Leeuwen (2007) 230.42 ± 0.90 4.34 ± 0.017 14.15 ± 0.06 133.9 ± 0.5
RECONS TOP100 (2012) 230.32 ± 0.90 4.342 ± 0.017 14.16 ± 0.06 134.0 ± 0.5
Gaia DR2 230.13 ± 0.06 4.345 ± 0.001 14.166 ± 0.004 134.01 ± 0.03

Non-trigonometric distance determinations are marked in italics . The most precise determination is marked in bold .

properties

The star's spectral class has been graded from M1.5V to M4.0V. Gliese 1 is estimated to be 45–48% the mass of the Sun and 46–48% its diameter .

Gliese 1 is believed to be a BY Draconis star and was given the provisional designation NSV 15017 . It is probably also a flare star . Like other flare stars, Gliese 1 emits X-rays. The temperature of its atmospheric layers has been measured.

Using speckle interferometry , a search was made in the near infrared for a circumferential companion. However, no companion was found at a limit size of 10.5 mag for an astronomical unit (AU) or at a limit size of 12.5 mag at a distance of 10 AU from the primary star. Radial velocity measurements have also provided no evidence of a companion of Gliese 1. The search excludes a planet with few Earth masses in the Habitables Zone or a planet of Jupiter mass with an orbital radius of 1 AU or less. The radial speed shows little or no variability, with a measurement accuracy of less than 20 m / s.

The space velocity components for the star are U = +77.2, V = -99.5 and W = -35.6 km / s. It orbits the Milky Way with an eccentricity of 0.45 at a distance from the galactic center that varies between 3,510 and 9,150 parsecs. In comparison, the Sun is currently 8,500 parsecs from the center of the Milky Way. Stars with high peculiar speeds are called runaway stars . Gliese 1 has a high peculiar speed of 111.3 km / s and the speed vector allows the star to be assigned to the Tucana Horologium - or the AB-Doradus - star association.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g HD 225213. In: SIMBAD . Center de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg , accessed August 26, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b NSV 15017. In: General Catalog of Variable Stars. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  3. ^ RE Wilson General Catalog of Stellar Radial Velocities . Carnegie Institute of Washington DC, 1953.
  4. ↑ a b F. van Leeuwen: HIP 439. Accessed March 25, 2015 .
  5. ↑ JHMM Schmitt, C. Liefke: NEXXUS: A comprehensive ROSAT survey of coronal X-ray emission among nearby solar-like stars . arxiv : astro-ph / 0308510 .
  6. ^ MAC Perryman et al .: The Hipparcos Catalog . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics , 1997, 323: L49-L52
  7. ↑ a b P. E. Kervella, F. Arenou, F. Mignard, F. Thévenin: Stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars from Gaia DR2. Binarity from proper motion anomaly . In: Astronomy & Astrophysics . 623, p. A72. arxiv : 1811.08902 . bibcode : 2019A & A ... 623A..72K . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 201834371 .
  8. ↑ Thomas. N. Gautier III, GH Rieke, John Stansberry, Geoffrey C. Bryden, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, Michael W. Werner, Charles A. Beichman, Christine Chen, Kate Su, David Trilling, Brian M. Patten, Thomas L. Roellig: Far Infrared Properties of M Dwarfs . arxiv : 0707.0464 .
  9. ↑ N. Tetzlaff, R. Neuhauser, MM Hollow: A catalog of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3kpc from the Sun . arxiv : 1007.4883 .
  10. ^ Benjamin Gould: Star with large proper motion, in Sculptor . In: Astronomische Nachrichten , Volume 111, Issue 16, p. 256.
  11. ^ W. Gliese: Catalog of Nearby Stars. Edition 1969 . bibcode : 1969VeARI..22 .... 1G .
  12. ^ WJ Luyten: LHS (Luyten half-second) Catalog . bibcode : 1969VeARI..22 .... 1G .
  13. ^ R. Woolley, EA Epps, MJ Penston, SB Pocock: Catalog of stars within 25 parsecs of the Sun. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  14. ^ W. Gliese, H. Jahreiß: Preliminary Version of the Third Catalog of Nearby Stars. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Van Altena WF, Lee JT, Hoffleit ED: The General Catalog of Trigonometric Stellar Parallaxes. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  16. ^ A b Perryman et al .: The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogs. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  17. ↑ a b RECONS: The One Hundred nearest star system. Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  18. ↑ a b c M. Zechmeister, M. Kürster, M. Endl: The M dwarf planet search program at the ESO VLT + UVES. A search for terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of M dwarfs . arxiv : 0908.0944 .
  19. ↑ The star in VizieR. In: Gaia DR2 . Center de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg , accessed August 26, 2018 .
  20. ↑ M1.5: SIMBAD. M3: Thomas N. Gautier, III et al. (2007). M3: JHMM Schmitt et al. (2004). M4: Olin J. Eggen (1996) M4: LE Pasinetti-Fracassini et al. (2001).
  21. ↑ a b L.E. Pasinetti Fracassini, L. Pastori, A. Pozzi: Catalog of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third Edition - Comments and Statistics . arxiv : astro-ph / 0012289 .
  22. ↑ JHMM Schmitt, TA Fleming, MS Giampapa: The X-ray view of the low-mass stars in the solar neighborhood . In: Ap J. . 450, No. 9, September 1995, pp. 392-400. bibcode : 1995ApJ ... 450..392S . doi : 10.1086 / 176149 .
  23. ↑ E. Lexen, R. Wehrse, J. Liebert, MS Bessell: The outer atmospheric layers of the early M dwarf Gliese 1 . In: Astronomy and Astrophysics . 509, January 2010. bibcode : 2010A & A ... 509A.101L . doi : 10.1051 / 0004-6361 / 200912434 . Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  24. ^ C. Leinert, T. Henry, A. Glindemann, DW McCarthy, Jr .: A search for companions to nearby southern M dwarfs with near-infrared speckle interferometry . In: Astronomy and Astrophysics . 325, September 1997, pp. 159-166. bibcode : 1997A & A ... 325..159L .
  25. ^ Olin J. Eggen: Distribution and Correlation of Age, Abundance, and Motion of Lower Main Sequence Stars . In: Astronomical Journal . 111, January 1996, pp. 466-475. bibcode : 1996AJ .... 111..466E . doi : 10.1086 / 117797 .
  26. ↑ Christine Allen, Alfredo Santillan: An improved model of the galactic mass distribution for orbit computations . In: Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica . October 22, 1991, pp. 255-263. bibcode : 1991RMxAA..22..255A .
  27. ↑ N. Tetzlaff, R. Neuhauser, MM Hollow: A catalog of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3kpc from the Sun . arxiv : 1007.4883 .