Herbs of grace
| Herbs of grace | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
God's mercy herb ( Gratiola officinalis ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gratiola | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The grace herbs ( Gratiola ) form a genus of plants within the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). The 20 to 30 species thrive in temperate to tropical climates almost worldwide.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Gratiola species are annual to perennial, herbaceous plants . They can be hairless or hairy. The stems of individual species are square.
The opposite leaves are sessile. The simple leaf blades have a smooth or serrate edge.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are single in the leaf axils with short or long pedicels. Two bracts are close to the calyx.
The hermaphrodite flowers are indistinctly five-fold zygomorphic , with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are only fused at their base. The five petals have grown together to form a tube. The corolla is two-lipped. The lower lip is three-lobed. There are only two fertile stamens in each flower.
The fourfold capsule fruit contains many seeds.
.jpg)
Systematics and distribution
The genus Gratiola was established by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Gratiola L. are: Sophronanthe Benth. , Tragiola Small & Pennell .
The genus Gratiola belongs to the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) and has also been assigned to the families Gratiolaceae, Scrophulariaceae or Veronicaceae by some authors .
Gratiola species thrive in temperate to tropical areas almost worldwide. The main distribution areas are in the northern hemisphere, there are large areas of Eurasia , from Spain to China, and North America . There are also areas in New Zealand and Australia .
The genus Gratiola contains 20 to 30 species (selection):
- Gratiola amphiantha D.Estes & RLSmall : It occurs in the US states of Alabama , Georgia and South Carolina .
- Gratiola aurea Pursh (Syn .: Gratiola lutea Raf. ): It is widespread in North America.
- Gratiola ebracteata Benth. ex A.DC. : It is found in western North America in southwestern British Columbia and in the western US states of Washington , Idaho , western Montana, western Oregon and California.
- Gratiola griffithii Hook. f. : Home are the tropics and subtropics. In China it only occurs in Guangdong .
- Gratiola heterosepala H. Mason & Bacigal. : It occurs from California to Lake County in south-central Oregon.
- Gratiola hippuroides; see Limnophila hippuroides
- Gratiola japonica Miq. : It occurs in Japan .
- Gratiola linifolia Vahl : It occurs in Spain , Portugal and Morocco .
- Gratiola nana Benth. : It occurs in New Zealand and in the Australian states of New South Wales , Victoria and Tasmania .
- Gratiola neglecta Torr. (Syn .: Gratiola virginiana L. ): It is widespread in North America in Canada and the USA. In Finland she is a neophyte. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.
- God's mercy herb ( Gratiola officinalis L. ): It is widespread in Eurasia . Other common German names are Fischkraut, Gichtkraut, Gnadenkraut, Hesskraut, Purgierkraut or Weißer Aurin.
- Gratiola pedunculata R.Br. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland , Victoria and South Australia .
- Gratiola peruviana L .: It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia , South Australia and Tasmania.
- Gratiola pilosa Michx. (Syn .: Sophronanthe pilosa (Michx.) Small , Tragiola pilosa (Michx.) Small & Pennell ): It is common in North America.
- Gratiola pubescens R.Br. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania.
- Gratiola pumilo F. Muell. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and maybe in Tasmania.
- Gratiola quartermaniae D.Estes : It occurs in North America in southeastern Ontario , northeastern Illinois , northern Alabama , central Tennessee and central Texas .
- Gratiola sexdentata A. Cunn. : It is common in New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania.
- Gratiola virginiana L. (Syn .: Gratiola sphaerocarpa Elliott ): It is widespread in North America.
- Gratiola viscidula Pennell (Syn .: Gratiola viscosa pig. Ex Leconte ): It is widespread in North America.
swell
- David Allardice Webb : Gratiola L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 203 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill: Scrophulariaceae AL Jussieu. : Gratiola Linnaeus. , P. 22 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 18: Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1998, ISBN 0-915279-55-X . (Section description)
- Genus Gratiola L. in the Flora of New Zealand . (Section description)
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f Gratiola in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
- ↑ Dwayne Estes 2012: Datasheet Gratiola , In: Jepson Flora Project (Ed.): Jepson eFlora .
- ↑ a b c d e New South Wales Flora online .
- ↑ a b Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae. : Datasheet Gratiola In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 834 .
Map with all linked sites: