Gold-bellied musketeer

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Gold-bellied musketeer
Gold-bellied musketeer

Gold-bellied musketeer

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Forest nymphs ( Coeligena )
Type : Gold-bellied musketeer
Scientific name
Coeligena bonapartei
( Boissonneau , 1840)

The gold-bellied musketeer ( Coeligena bonapartei ), sometimes also called the gold-bellied Andean hummingbird , is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The gold-bellied musketeer reaches a body length of about 10.9 centimeters and has a straight, narrow 30 millimeter long beak. The male has a glossy green crown, with the rest of the crown being black. The upper part of the back shines dark green and turns golden orange at the rump . Ring collar and chest sparkle green. The rear part of the underside shimmers fiery gold. The slightly forked tail is golden bronze. The wings look noticeably darker. The female has a bright green upper side that turns golden orange at the rump like the male. The underside is predominantly cinnamon-colored, with green feathers running through the breast. There are also green speckles on the side of the throat. There are fiery golden spots on the belly. The tail is bronze with occasional brownish yellow spots.

distribution and habitat

The species occurs on moist forest edges at altitudes between 1400 and 3200 meters. In Colombia you can find them in the Sierra de Perijá , in the east andes of the Boyacá province to Fusagasugá in the Cundinamarca province . In Venezuela, observations were made on the road connecting Mérida and La Azulita . You can also discover the Sierra Nevada National Park on the Humboldt Trail , which is extremely interesting for ornithologists . It is also fairly common on the road to Queniquea in the state of Táchira .

behavior

The hummingbird feeds on insects and hovers in front of tubular flowers outside of forests and bushes of the middle stratification layer .

Subspecies

Spread of the gold-bellied musketeer

So far, three subspecies are known, which differ mainly in their color.

  • Coeligena bonapartei bonapartei ( Boissonneau , 1840) - The nominate form is common in eastern Colombia.
  • Coeligena bonapartei consita Wetmore & Phelps, Jr 1952 - This subspecies occurs in the Sierra de Perijá in northeast Colombia and western Venezuela.
  • Coeligena bonapartei eos ( Gould , 1848) - This subspecies is common in western Venezuela.

Some authors see a species of their own in the Golden Sand hummingbird ( Coeligena eos ). The South American Check-list Committee does not support this separation in its proposal (# 139). The Antioquia Andean hummingbird ( Coeligena orina ) ( Wetmore , 1953) is also considered by some authors to be a subspecies Coeligena bonapartei orina . In their proposal (# 185), the South American Check-list Committee takes the opinion that it is a species of its own.

Etymology and history of research

The species was first described by Auguste Boissonneau under the name Ornismia Bonapartei . It was later assigned to the genus Chalcostigma . The current generic name Coeligena is derived from the Latin words " coelum " or " caelum " for "heaven" and " genus " for "descendant". The specific epithet is dedicated to Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte , whom he calls one of the most learned ornithologists of his era in his first description . “ Consita ” is derived from the Latin “consitus, conserere” for “planted, sown, planted”. "Ēōs" ( ἠώς ) is the Greek word for "dawn".

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( online [accessed July 13, 2014]).
  • Dennis W. Rogers: Site Guide Venezuela: A Guide to the Best Birding Locations . Cinclus Publications, McMinnville, Oregon 1993, ISBN 978-0-9637765-0-1 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Auguste Boissonneau: Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . 1840, p. 2-8 ( online [accessed July 13, 2014]).
  • Alexander Wetmore, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: A new form of hummingbird from the Perija Mountains of Venezuela and Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 65 , 1965, pp. 135-136 ( online [accessed July 13, 2014]).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 16 , no. 180 , 1848, pp. 11–112 ( online [accessed July 13, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Gold-bellied Andean Hummingbird  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ a b c Auguste Boissonneau, p. 6
  3. ↑ Alexander Wetmore et al. a., p. 135
  4. ^ John Gould, p. 11
  5. ↑ Proposal (# 139) to South American Check-list Committee Recognize Coeligena eos as separate species from Coeligena bonapartei ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Engl.) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  6. ↑ Proposal (# 185) to South American Classification Committee Recognize Coeligena orina as a species distinct from C. bonapartei ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 112
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 116
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 147