Gold-colored mica flakes
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Gold-colored mica flaking ( Phaeolepiota aurea ) |
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| Maire ex Konrad & Maubl. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Phaeolepiota aurea | ||||||||||||
| ( Matt. ) Maire ex Konrad & Maubl. |
The gold-colored or common mica flaking ( Phaeolepiota aurea ) is a rare but distinctive mushroom with a strong habit from the Squamanitaceae family . He is the only representative of the genus Glimmerschüpplinge ( Phaeolepiota ). The agaric mushroom prefers nutrient- and nitrogen-rich places outside of forests. It appears from late summer to autumn and usually fructifies in larger groups. Its distribution area covers large parts of the Holarctic. While the species used to be a popular edible mushroom , it is now believed to be poisonous to humans.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat reaches a diameter of 25 centimeters and has a color that ranges from light ocher to bright orange. The lamellae initially have a light brown color and when the fruiting bodies ripen an ocher-rust-colored color due to the precipitating spore powder . The full stem grows up to 22 inches high and 4 inches thick. The torn velum remains on the handle as a stately cuff . The hat, stem and velum are covered by characteristic, brightly colored and eponymous scales, which are only pronounced on the hat in young specimens. The flesh is whitish in color.
Relatively young fruiting bodies with a closed velum in front of the lamellae
2 days later: The torn velum forms cuffs on the handle.
About 2 weeks later: The hat edges are curved upwards in a wavy manner.
Microscopic features
The spindle-shaped, finely warty and almost smooth spores are 9–15 micrometers in size. The cap skin consists of vesicular cells with outgrowths.
distribution
The distribution area of the gold-colored mica schüpplings extends over large parts of the Holarctic and ranges from submeridional regions to the boreal zone . In North America, the species colonizes the Pacific coast from Alaska southwards to the Pacific Northwest . In Eurasia the range extends in the west from Portugal to Belarus, in the east from Georgia to Western Siberia and China. It is not to be found everywhere with the same frequency: While Krieglsteiner and Gminder speak of a frequent occurrence within the German distribution area, Hungarian authors like Vasas see the gold-colored mica flaking as a rather rare fungus.
ecology
The gold-colored mica flakes colonize nutrient- and nitrogen-rich, often anthropogenic soils in parks and gardens, on waste sites, fields and meadows as well as roadsides and other ruderal areas, preferably between nettles , but not in closed undergrowth. It occurs mainly in the submontane altitude range.
Systematics
The powdery Velum universale is reminiscent of representatives of the grain umbrella (genus Cystoderma ). The outward similarity was also confirmed molecularly, since the mica flaking is the sister taxon to the granular umbrella, which in turn is closely related to the genus Squamanita . Together they are therefore in a common family of Squamanitaceae.
toxicology
In older literature, the mushroom is usually rated as an excellent edible mushroom. However, it is now believed to be toxic to humans. In addition to the high amount of poisonous hydrogen cyanide , which can be dangerous if eaten raw or if the vapors are inhaled when cooking, it should be noted that it does not evaporate completely during cooking, so that hydrogen cyanide remains in the mushrooms to be eaten. Several cases of poisoning from mica leakage have been reported in Switzerland: Severe vomiting diarrhea with varying latency periods of 4–16 hours were typical. In addition to hydrogen cyanide, other toxins that have not yet been identified can be responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, there is a high concentration of heavy metals ( cadmium ).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Frieder Gröger: Identification key for agaric mushrooms and boletus in Europe, part 1 . In: Regensburger Mykologische Schriften 13, 2006. Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft von 1790 eV page 417. ISSN 0944-2820 .
- ↑ a b Andreas Kunze: Zwiesel: Gold-colored Glimmerschüppling discovered ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Press release from the Bavarian Mycological Society . October 2, 2009.
- ↑ a b Joseph F. Ammirati, James A. Traquair, Paul A. Horgen: Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northern United States and Canada. University of Minnesota Press, 1985. ISBN 0816614075 , p. 295.
- ^ A b G. Vasas: Interesting Macrofungi in Hungary IV. Four Rare Basidiomycetes Species. In: Studia Botanica Hungarica 35, 2004. Pages 59-66. (Online as PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 497.
- ↑ Distribution of the gold-colored Glimmerschüpplings in Germany . In: Mushroom Mapping 2000 Online . German Society for Mycology . Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ↑ Irja Saar, Kadri Põldmaa, Urmas Kõljalg: The phylogeny and taxonomy of genera Cystoderma and Cystodermella (Agaricales) based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequences . In: Mycological Progress . tape 8 , no. 1 , March 2009, ISSN 1617-416X , p. 59–73 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-008-0578-9 ( springer.com [accessed April 19, 2020]).
- ^ P. Brandon Matheny, Gareth W. Griffith: Mycoparasitism between Squamanita paradoxa and Cystoderma amianthinum (Cystodermateae, Agaricales) . In: Mycoscience . tape 51 , no. 6 , November 2010, p. 456-461 , doi : 10.1007 / S10267-010-0052-9 ( elsevier.com [accessed April 19, 2020]).
- ^ A. Vizzini, G. Consiglio, M. Marchetti: Mythicomycetaceae Fam. Nov. (Agaricineae, Agaricales) for accommodating the Genera Mythicomyces and Stagnicola, and Simocybe Parvispora Reconsidered . In: Fungal Systematics and Evolution . tape 3 , no. 1 , June 15, 2019, ISSN 2589-3823 , p. 225–240 , doi : 10.3114 / fuse.2019.03.05 ( ingentaconnect.com [accessed April 19, 2020]).
- ↑ a b c d René Flammer: Phaeolepiota aurea is a poisonous mushroom! In: Swiss journal for mushroom science . tape 2009 , no. 5 , 2009, p. 192 .
- ↑ Siegmar Berndt: Readers ask: The DGfM toxicologist answers. In: DGfM-Mitteilungen. German Society for Mycology eV (DGfM), March 2018, accessed on April 15, 2020 .
