Putensen burial grounds

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The Putensen burial grounds are two burial grounds in the Harburg district in Lower Saxony . They are immediately adjacent about 1.2 km south of the Putensen district of the Salzhausen community . One is an imperial (50–375 AD) cremation burial ground , the other an already disturbed urn burial ground from the pre-Roman Iron Age (450 BC to 50 AD).

Bronze kettle used as urn

Find history

The grave fields were east of Amelinghäuser Straße (L234) between the Salzhausen district Putensen and Oldendorf (Luhe) at the junction of a dirt road that was used by the Canadian armed forces after the Second World War as an access to a bivouac in the Wetzen field mark . First urns were found in 1938 and the turkey sener blacksmith Wilhelm Hedder and Embsener teacher Gustav Hildebrand to the region for historic preservation competent Helms Museum reported. The subsequent excavations on the southern border of the cemetery under the direction of Willi Wegewitz (1898–1996) were interrupted by the beginning of the war in August 1939. The excavations could not be resumed until 1956 and, after a further interruption, were completed between 1961 and 1963. Both grave fields were separated by a former north-south running military path, on the edges of which they were laid. In the first half of the 19th century, the former Heerweg was straightened and in its place the Landstraße 234 about 50 m to the west, away from the burial grounds, was created. South of the urn cemetery from the pre-Roman Iron Age was a third cemetery, the urn cemetery of Wetzen from the 2nd half of the 1st century BC with 73 documented graves.

Urn burial ground

The older urn burial ground was about 200 m in length. In the years 1961–1963, 743 graves were recovered. These were urn burials and corpse fire camps from the Jastorf, Ripdorf and Seedorf stages of the Jastorf culture .

Finds

In addition to numerous small objects typical of culture such as belt hooks, crop needles and sailing earrings as well as a large range of ceramics, stone rings, stone wreaths and stone paving were well preserved in the older cremation graves. The degree of preservation of the graves is due to the fact that the area was later covered with drifting sand. It is thanks to this fact that a wall made of boulders was preserved on the east side of the field .

Cremation field

Grave inventory of the warrior burial grave 150 in the Archaeological Museum Hamburg

The significant for the cultural history of the Lombards , from the 1st century BC. The cremation cemetery used until the 3rd century AD was located to the west of the former military route and had an area of ​​60 × 14 m. In the years 1938/39, 1956 and 1961, in addition to urn burials, numerous bone beds and so-called cremation pit graves were uncovered. A total of 982 burials and 6 fire pits were recovered here.

Finds

Weapons that were deposited individually or as depots without always being able to be assigned to a burial mark the place. Axes , lance and spear points , shield fittings , swords and the remains of chain mail are particularly noteworthy . Furthermore, a rich ceramic repertoire , a lot of tools (ironing scissors, files, knives , awls , razors , whetstones), little jewelry (finger and arm rings), especially traditional costume components ( brooches , belt hooks, needles and buckles) as well as spurs and game stones were recovered. The number of seven cremations in Roman bronze vessels was unusually high . One of the outstanding burials is the warrior burial in grave 150.

See also

literature

  • Torsten Capelle :  Putensen. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 23, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017535-5 , pp. 608-609. ( online )
  • Willi Wegewitz : The Putensen fire cemetery in the Harburg district . In: The Adventure of Archeology . Isensee, Oldenburg 1994, ISBN 3-89442-230-0 , p. 268-317 .
  • Willi Wegewitz: The urn cemetery of the older and the younger pre-Roman Iron Age in Putensen . In: The Adventure of Archeology . Isensee, Oldenburg 1994, ISBN 3-89442-230-0 , p. 318-331 .
  • Willi Wegewitz: The urn cemetery of Wetzen . In: The Adventure of Archeology . Isensee, Oldenburg 1994, ISBN 3-89442-230-0 , p. 332-338 .
  • Willi Wegewitz: The urn cemetery of the older and younger pre-Roman Iron Age from Putensen, Harburg district . In: The urn cemeteries in Lower Saxony . tape 11 . Lax, Hildesheim 1973.
  • Willi Wegewitz: The Lombard fire cemetery of Putensen, Harburg district . In: The urn cemeteries in Lower Saxony . tape 10 . Lax, Hildesheim 1972.
  • Willi Wegewitz: The urn cemetery of Wetzen, Harburg district, and other finds from the 1st century BC In the area of ​​the Lower Elbe . In: The urn cemeteries in Lower Saxony . tape 9 . Lax, Hildesheim 1970.
  • Daniel Hockmann : The Putensen cremation cemetery . Grin Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-64995-7 . (Preview)
  • Christoph Eger : The younger pre-Roman iron and Roman imperial times in the Luhetal (Lüneburg Heath) . In: International Archeology . tape 56 . Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 1999, ISBN 3-89646-328-4 , pp. 3-154 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Willi Wegewitz : The Lombard fire cemetery of Putensen, Harburg district . In: The urn cemeteries in Lower Saxony . tape 10 . Lax, Hildesheim 1972, p. VII-IX .
  2. ↑ Willi Wegewitz: The urn cemetery of Wetzen . In: The Adventure of Archeology . Isensee, Oldenburg 1994, ISBN 3-89442-230-0 , p. 332-338 .
  3. ↑ Willi Wegewitz: The Lombard burial field of Putensen, Harburg district . In: The urn cemeteries in Lower Saxony . tape 10 . Lax, Hildesheim 1972, p. 31-34 . (Barrows are in sight to the west and east of this corner of the district)

Coordinates: 53 ° 11 ′ 14.2 "  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 25.4"  E