Gray-leaved sulfur head
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Gray- leaved sulfur head ( Hypholoma capnoides ) |
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| ( Fr .: Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
The gray-leaved or smoky- leaved sulfur head ( Hypholoma capnoides ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the Trümmling relatives . It usually grows on coniferous wood.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is initially arched, later flattened, but can sometimes be slightly hunched. It is pale yellow, soon yellow-brown in color. The middle is colored fuchsia-reddish to fuchsia-brownish. The surface is smooth. The hat reaches a diameter between two and eight, sometimes ten centimeters. At the edge there are thin, ephemeral remains of the veil. They are initially white, later dark brown in color. The brim of the hat is not rubbed.
The lamellae are first pale, then ash gray and, with age, gray-violet in color; green hues are missing. They are attached to the handle or grown, are almost crowded and are mixed with shorter intermediate lamellae.
The upper part of the stem is tinted whitish or light yellowish, towards the bottom the color changes from yellow-brown to rust-brown. It is five to eight inches long and three to seven, or up to 15 millimeters wide. The stem is hollow and more or less hidden due to the tufted growth. In the case of young fruiting bodies, an indicated ring zone can arise from the remains of the velum .
The thin flesh is soft, whitish and has a pleasant smell. It tastes mild and not bitter. The spore powder is brown.
Microscopic features
The spores are elongated-ellipsoidal and measure 7 to 9 × 4 to 5 micrometers. They are thick-walled and have a smooth surface. They have a clear germ pore. Chrysocystids are common in the hymenium . They are short and more or less bottle-shaped.
Species delimitation
Similarities have other sulfur heads ( Hypholoma ), especially the green-leaved one ( H. faciculare ) and the brick-red sulfur head ( H. lateritium ). The former has greenish tones in the lamellae and tastes bitter. Sterile fruiting bodies of this species have bright yellow lamellae, while they are almost colorless in the gray-leaved sulfur head. The brick-red sulfur head has more intense brick-red hat tones, is stronger in growth and also somewhat bitter. It also mostly colonizes hardwood.
Ecology and phenology
The gray-leaved sulfur head grows in almost all forest communities, whereby it occurs most frequently in beech, beech-fir and spruce forests. He lives as a saprobiont on rotten stumps and roots; The fungus can also be found more rarely on lying trunks. The species populates almost exclusively softwood, especially spruce , sometimes also pine and silver fir . It rarely grows on hardwood like European beech . Northern Scandinavia is an exception , where it is more common on birch trees .
The fruiting bodies are found in dense clusters primarily from September to November. With suitable weather, they can be found all year round, a little more often around April.
distribution
The gray-leaved sulfur head is common in the Holarctic . It was introduced into Venezuela by humans . The species is found in the northern hemisphere in North America (United States), Europe and North Asia ( Caucasus ). In Europe, the area extends from Great Britain, the Benelux countries and France in the west to Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine in the east, and from Iceland and Fennos Scandinavia in the north to Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy and Romania in the south. In Germany the species is common.
meaning
The gray-leaved sulfur head is edible. The hats are good for drying and for further use as a condiment.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
- Hans E. Laux, Andreas Gminder: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms. BLV, Munich. 2006. Page 244. ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin. 1988. Page 252. ISBN 978-3826381690 .
- ↑ Svengunnar Ryman: Mushrooms. Over 1,500 species of mushrooms are described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . 1st edition. Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992. Page 446. ISBN 3-87815-043-1 .
