Gray vaginal striated
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Gray vaginal striated ( Amanita vaginata ) |
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| ( Bulliard : Fries ) Lamarck |
The Gray vaginal Streifling ( Amanita vaginata , syn. Amanitopsis vaginata and vaginata plumbea ) is a common and widespread, edible mushroom from the family of Wulstlingsverwandten (Amanitaceae). The fruiting bodies have gray or brownish hats, strongly grooved on the edge and up to 10 cm wide, as well as a ringless, frosted stem, which is at the lower end in a lobed shell.
features
Macroscopic features
The thin-fleshed hat measures 3–10 centimeters in diameter. Initially, the hat appears oval, with progressive maturity increasingly conical, arched and finally flattened, sometimes with a small hump. The thin brim of the hat is heavily grooved by the lamellas below. The surface is gray to grayish-brown in color, shiny and slightly smeary when wet. Remnants of the entire envelope (Velum universale) can rarely remain on the hat. The white blades are moderately crowded, are equipped with slat tablets mingled and bulbous. They either do not reach the stem or have grown narrowly on it. Sometimes they have a grayish color. The spore powder print is white. The slender and slightly tapering stalk is 8–15, rarely up to 22 cm long and 0.5–2 cm thick, brittle and at least hollow when old. Unlike many other vaginal strips, it is a bulge without a bulge, i.e. it doesn't have a bulbous, thickened stem base. It is enclosed by a lobed volva that can turn gray or reddish in color. The mushroom does not form a partial cover (velum partiale) and therefore does not have a ring . The stem surface is finely powdered to frosted, especially at the upper end. Faint, longitudinal lines can also be visible. The flesh is white, thin and does not show any discoloration when pressed or injured.
The alba variety , the white vaginal striated, is pure white and either has no volva or it does not span the base of the stem.
Microscopic features
The spores are formed approximately spherical in most cases, 8 to 13 microns in diameter, thin-walled and not amyloid (ie increases in Melzer's reagent no iodine staining on). The Pileipellis (hat skin) consists of fibrous interwoven hyphae , 2 to 7 micrometers in diameter, gelled. The spore-bearing cells, the basidia , are 36 to 52 by 4 to 13 micrometers, 4-spore, without buckles . The volva consists largely of fibrous hyphae, 2 to 8 micrometers in diameter, distended cells broadly elliptical, elliptical, spindle-shaped to club-shaped, 40 to 85 by 10 to 35 micrometers, mostly terminal. The stem tissue consists of fibrous hyphae with a diameter of 2 to 6 micrometers; the inflated cells are terminal, club-shaped, longitudinally aligned, with dimensions of up to 289 by 31 micrometers.
Species delimitation
The most important distinguishing features are a gray-metallic, never greenish hat surface, a strongly grooved hat rim, the bulbous stem base covered by a sack-like volva and the lack of a stem ring.
A dangerous possibility of confusion in bright forms is the Green Knollenblätterpilz ( Amanita phalloides ).
Similar are other same-colored or ringless amanita species such as the silver - gray vaginal striated ( Amanita argentea ) or the ocher-gray giant vaginal striated ( Amanita lividopallescens ). Species such as the red-brown streifling ( Amanita fulva ), the orange-yellow streifling ( Amanita crocea ) etc. are less similar .
Beginners could mistake it for ringless sheaves ( Volvariella , especially Volvaria speciosa ) or even mushrooms ( Agaricus ). In both cases, however, the slats turn pink.
Ecology and phenology
The gray vagina grows as a mycorrhizal fungus in both coniferous and deciduous forests of temperate zones. It is also known to appear frequently in grassy areas at the edge of forests, unkempt lawns, and in suburban areas where the earth has recently been torn up.
It fructifies from spring (June) to autumn (October) with single or numerous fruiting bodies.
distribution
The species is widespread and common in North America and Europe. It is also found in the Azores and Australia.
Systematics and taxonomy
The type epithet comes from the Latin word "vagina", which means something like "sheath" or "sheath". "Vaginata" then means "modest" or "enveloped". Like the German-language term as sheath streifling, this refers to the sheath ( volva ) left behind by the entire shell (Velum universale) surrounding the young mushroom at the base of the stem .
The official first description comes from Jean Baptiste François Bulliard , who described the fungus in a third part of his work "Herbier de la France" published in 1782 as Agaricus vaginatus (or as "L'agaric vaginé").
He is in the section Vaginatae (side pieces) of the subgenus Amanita the genus Amanita ( Amanita sorted). It is considered part of a species complex that includes the similar looking amanita constricta , Amanita pachycolea and Amanita protecta . The red-brown streifling ( Amanita fulva ) was once thought to be a variety of Amanita vaginata .
meaning
The mushroom is poisonous raw, edible when cooked and is used as an edible mushroom, but has little substance. Most authors advise against consumption, as there is a possibility of confusion with other, poisonous amanita species. A nature guide notes that cows love to eat this mushroom.
Individual evidence
- ↑ David Arora: Mushrooms Demystified . a Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California 1986, ISBN 0-89815-169-4 , pp. 288 (English).
- ^ A b David T. Jenkins: Amanita of North America . Mad River Press Inc., Eureka, California 1986, ISBN 978-0-916422-55-4 , pp. 71 (English).
- ↑ a b c Donald M. Huffman, Lois H. Tiffany, George Knaphaus, RA Healy: Mushrooms and Other Fungi of the Midcontinental United States . 2nd Edition. Bur Oak Guide (University of Iowa Press), Iowa City 2008, ISBN 978-1-58729-627-7 , pp. 55 .
- ↑ a b M. Kuo: Amanita vaginata (MushroomExpert.Com) . Retrieved July 30, 2009.
- ↑ a b M. Wood, S. Stevens: California Fungi: Amanita vaginata . In: MykoWeb website . MykoWeb. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
- ↑ Rodham E. Tulloss: Amanita vaginata var. Alba Gillet . Retrieved July 30, 2009.
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 250.
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 227 .
- ↑ Orson K. Miller, Jr., Hope H. Miller: North American Mushrooms . a Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Falcon Guide, Conn Guilford 2006, ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1 , pp. 32 (English).
- ^ Database of mushrooms Austria's Austrian Mycological Society
- ^ RWG Dennis, DA Reid, B. Spooner: The Fungi of the Azores . In: Kew Bulletin . 32, No. 1, 1977, pp. 85-136. JSTOR 4117263 4117263 . doi : 10.2307 / 4117263 .
- ^ RWG Dennis: New or Interesting Queensland Agaricales . In: Kew Bulletin . 10, No. 1, 1955, pp. 107-110. JSTOR 4113925 4113925 . doi : 10.2307 / 4113925 .
- ^ Jean Baptiste François Bulliard : Herbier de la France ou Collection complete des plantes indigenes de ce royaume . leurs proprits, et leurs usages en medecine. No. 98 . Paris, S. 3 (French, [1] ).
- ^ A b Bill Russell: Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic . Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park 2006, ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0 , pp. 67 (English).
- ^ Ian R. Hall, Steven L. Stephenson, Peter K. Buchanan, Wang Yun, Anthony LJ Cole: Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World . Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA 2003, ISBN 978-0-88192-586-9 (English).
- ↑ Roger Phillips: Rogers Mushrooms . Rogers Plants Ltd .. Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
