Red-brown streifling
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Red-brown streifling ( Amanita fulva ) |
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The Red-brown or foxy Streifling ( Amanita fulva ), short for Red-brown or Fuchsiger vaginal Streifling is a species of fungus from the family of Wulstlingsverwandten (Amanitaceae).
features
Macroscopic features
The thin-fleshed hat reaches a diameter of 3–7 (–10) cm. It is bell-shaped to spread out and often hunched flat in the middle. Its surface is reddish brown, remains of the shell ( Velum universale) are rarely present. When young, it's shiny, sticky, and greasy to the touch. The edge of the hat is grooved radially, usually over more than a fifth of the hat radius. The white lamellas are densely packed, free from the stem and have bulbous edges. The stalk , which is hollow at least in old age , becomes 7–12 cm long, 1 cm thick and has a slender, tapering shape, but no ring ( annulus ). The stem bark is smooth. The stem is at the base in a white, lobed sheath ( volva ) with red-brown spots, which stands up on the stem. The brittle flesh ( trama ) is white, with a hint of reddish brown only in some places. It smells and tastes unspecific.
Microscopic features
The hyaline spores are spherical (ratio of longest to narrowest diameter between 1.05 and 1.08, rarely up to 1.09), measure 9 to 12 micrometers and show no color reaction with iodine reagents ( inamyloid ). There are no buckles on the basidia . The hat skin becomes 55 to 80 micrometers thick.
Species delimitation
It can be confused with similar other vaginal strips, which are also edible after thorough heating.
The orange-yellow streifling ( Amanita crocea ) has a lighter hat without shades of brown, a lumped stem and a white volva and also grows with alder, hornbeam, hazel, ash and poplar.
Amanita romagnesiana lacks the rusty spots on the Volva, and the species has a shorter hat groove that extends over less than a fifth of the hat radius and a thicker hat skin up to 250 µm thick. Amanita subnudipes also has no rusty spots on the volva and a light orange-yellow hat.
Another similar species is Amanita mortenii , but it occurs in the subpolar zone . In Scandinavia the much lighter colored yellow vaginal streifling ( Amanita flavescens ) grows . In addition to the color, it differs through somewhat elongated spores (length-to-width ratio usually more than 1.12) and a cap skin that is always clearly two-layered, at least on ripe fruiting bodies, and only grows with birch trees.
A number of species that are often thought to be the red-brown streifling differ in their occurrence in America, from where an occurrence of the red-brown streifling is not known, including the Amanita fuligineodisca, which grows with oaks from Central Mexico via Central America to the Colombian Andes, with mostly a significantly darker hat color and even thinner hat skin (20 to 40, possibly rarely up to 65 µm), the Amanita sinicoflava , which grows in North America, the Amanita amerifulva (nomen provisorium) and Amanita daimonioctantes (nom. prov.), which grows in North America and (at least ) Amanita nishidae (nom. prov.) growing in mountainous central and western Mexico and some other species to be described. Other exotic similar species are the Amanita orientifulva and Amanita aporema, which grow in East Asia .
Ecology and diffusion
The red-brown streifling lives in mycorrhizal symbiosis with trees in nutrient-poor, moist, acidic forest soils, especially in moors. Pine, spruce, beech, oak and birch are known as symbiotic partners. It is fruitful from June to October. The species is common and widespread in Europe.
meaning
Ingredients, composition
It contains hemolysins , which destroy red blood cells and break down above 70 ° C.
Food value
The mushroom is poisonous in its raw state, but well cooked it is edible. Its value as an edible mushroom is generally considered to be low.
Systematics and taxonomy
The official scientific first description comes from the fourth volume of the work "Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones" by Jacob Christian Schäffer , published in 1774 , where he called it "Agaricus fulvus" and "light brown Eyschwamm". Christiaan Hendrik Persoon placed it the genus in his 1818 published "Traité sur les champignons Delicacies" amanita ( Amanita too). In the meantime, it has been assigned to the genus Amanitopsis , which has since been abandoned, together with the gray vaginal striated ( Amanita vaginata ) due to the absence of a ring, which is unusual for amanita . Today these species can be found according to Cornelis Bas in the section Vaginatae (Streiflinge) of the subgenus Amanita .
The Latin origin epithet "fulva" means "dark", "red" or "brownish yellow".
swell
- Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms. Over 1,500 species of mushrooms are described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . Bernhard Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-87815-043-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Observationes mycologicae . praecipue ad illustrandam floram Suecicam. tape 2 . Gerhardi Bonnieri, Hafniae 1818, p. 248 (Latin, google.de ).
- ↑ a b Rodham E. Tulloss: Amanita fulva. In: Amanitaceae.org. Rodham E. Tulloss, Zhu-Liang Yang, accessed May 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Rodham E. Tulloss: Provisional key to Amanita stirps Crocea , Amanita stirps Fulva , and Amanita stirps Romagnesia . In: Mycotaxon . No. 75 , April 14, 2003, p. 329–332 (English, njcc.com [PDF; 47 kB ]).
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 252.
- ↑ Dietmar Winterstein: Haemolysins in mushrooms . Attacks on red blood cells. In: Karin Montag (Ed.): The Tintling - The Pilzzeitung . No. 22 , 2000, pp. 10-25 ( http://tintling.at/pdf/2000/haemolysine-in-pilzen.pdf http://tintling.com/inhalt/2000/haemolysine.html [PDF]).
- ^ Jacob Christian Schäffer: Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones . tape 4 . Regensburg 1774, p. 41, plate 95 (Latin).
- ^ Christian Hendrik Persoon: Traité sur les Champignons Comestibles . Belin-Leprieur, Paris 1818, p. 184 (French).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . tape 1 . Hanover 1918, Sp. 2871 ( zeno.org ).
