Ripe mushroom
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Ripe mushroom ( Cortinarius caperatus ) |
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The ripe mushroom ( Cortinarius caperatus , syn .: Rozites caperatus , R. caperata ), also called gypsy or chicken head , is an edible mushroom from the family of veil relatives (Cortinariaceae). The membranous, double-edged stem ring and the longitudinally wrinkled hat of the fruiting body are characteristic . The latter characteristic also earned the fungus the names of wrinkled scalps and vaginal wrinkles . The second part of the scientific species name "caperatus" also refers to it: The epithet is derived from the Latin "caper (r) ātus" (= wrinkled).
features
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Macroscopic features
The straw-yellow to yellow-brown hat with gray to whitish and slightly purple tinted tires is characteristic. It is 4–15 cm wide and characteristically wrinkled. Initially hemispherical to bell-shaped, it flattens when it is screened and then has a broad, blunt hump. The edge of the hat is then often bent upwards and torn radially from the edge. The lamellae, which are bulged out on the handle and , according to some authors, have grown broadly, are cream-colored and pale, darken ocher to cinnamon-colored and show lightly contrasting, finely notched edges. The spore powder is light cinnamon brown. The stem becomes up to 15 cm long and is light, colored whitish at the tip. The surface is structured with fine fibers. In the upper third of the stem there is a clear, permanent and membranous ring ( annulus ). That cuff lies on the handle, is finely grooved on the top and has a double edge. The watery and pale-whitish flesh smells pleasant and tastes mild.
Microscopic features
The spores are almond-shaped, warty-rough and 11–14 × 7–9 µm in size.
Species delimitation
At a young age, the fruiting bodies resemble those of some hair veils such as the purple thick foot ( Cortinarius traganus ) and the buck's thick foot ( C. camphoratus ), both of which have an unpleasant smell and are poisonous. In contrast to other veils , the hoop mushroom on the stem has a clear, membranous cuff with the characteristic double edge. It could also be confused with young giant red blooms . The typical ring makes confusion difficult.
Ecology and diffusion
The frost fungus is a mycorrhizal fungus . It grows particularly in coniferous forests ( pines , spruces ), rarely in deciduous forests ( red beeches ), on acidic, sandy soil and in raised bogs, often in the company of blueberries. It is common in Europe , North America and Asia .
Systematics
It was originally described as Agaricus caperatus by the mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796 . After that it was first relocated to the genus of the hair veils ( Cortinarius ) by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 . Later he was counted in 1887 by Pier Andrea Saccardo to the genus Pholiota . Then in 1879 the Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten ascribed it to the genus Rozites named after the mycologist Ernst Roze and was known as Rozites caperata (Pers.) P. Karst for years . known. More recent gene studies (2002) confirmed Fries' assumption that the hoop mushroom belongs to the large genus of the veil.
meaning
The ripe mushroom is a good and tasty edible mushroom . As it could be confused with hair veils, inexperienced mushroom pickers are advised not to collect them. It also enriches the toxic heavy metal cadmium up to 20 mg / kg fresh mass. In addition, the ripe mushroom contains heat-labile lectins, which specifically clump the red blood cells of blood group A.
literature
- Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 .
- Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 (English: The mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
- Rita Lüder: Basic course mushroom determination . A practical guide for beginners and advanced. 2nd Edition. Quelle and Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-494-01444-9 (470 pages).
Web links
- Frank Moser: Ripe mushroom ( Rozites caperatus ). In: Natur-Lexikon.com . Retrieved August 18, 2012 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
- ↑ Rose Marie Dähncke: 1200 mushrooms, in color photos . Weltbild licensed by AT-Verlag, Augsburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8289-3082-7 (1,184 pages).
- ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 5: Agarics. Part 3: Cortinariaceae. Mykologia, Luzern 2000, ISBN 3-85604-050-1 .
- ↑ a b Ursula Peintner, Egon Horak, Meinhard M. Moser, Rytas Vilgalys: Phylogeny of Rozites , Cuphocybe and Rapacea inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences . In: Mycologia . tape 94 , no. 4 , 2002, p. 620–629 , doi : 10.2307 / 3761713 (English, PDF; 599 kB ).
- ↑ Ursula Peintner, Egon Horak, Meinhard Moser, Rytas Vilgalys: Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea are taxonomic synonyms of Cortinarius: New combinations and new names . In: Mycotaxon . tape 83 , 2002, pp. 447-451 (English, abstract available online ).
- ^ Jürgen Guthmann, Christoph Hahn, Rainer Reichel: Pocket dictionary of mushrooms in Germany. A competent companion for the most important species . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01449-4 .
