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Grausenf (Hirschfeldia incana), inflorescence

Grausenf ( Hirschfeldia incana ), inflorescence

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Brassiceae
Genre : Hirschfeldia
Type : Horror
Scientific name of the  genus
Hirschfeldia
( Moench ) C. Presl
Scientific name of the  species
Hirschfeldia incana
( L. ) Lagr.-Foss.

The gray mustard ( Hirschfeldia incana ), even Bastard mustard called, is the only kind of plant genus Hirschfeldia within the family of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae).

description

leaves

The Grausenf is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 100 centimeters. The stem is sparsely branched and has backward-facing hair. Of the gray-haired leaves , the lower ones are lyre-shaped, pinnate to lobed, with two to five pairs of leaf sections and a large end lobe.

The flowering period extends from May to October. The inflorescence, which is initially umbrella- shaped, is later elongated like a rod. The hermaphrodite flowers are four-fold with a double flower envelope . The four petals are pale yellow.

The fruit stalks are 2 to 4 millimeters long and thickened in a club when ripe. The upright pods that lie against the fruiting axis or are pressed against it are 8 to 15 millimeters long; its beak is 4 to 7 millimeters long and as thick as the pod.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Grausenf ( Hirschfeldia incana ), blooming specimen
Grausenf ( Hirschfeldia incana ), fruiting specimen

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the Grausenf extends from the Mediterranean area to the east to southern Russia , Asia Minor , Iran and Iraq ; in warmer zones it is a neophyte almost worldwide . In Central Europe it occurs sporadically and inconsistently. You can find it in Central Europe on the Middle Rhine ; it occurs very rarely on the lower Main , on the lower reaches of the Weser and Elbe ; rarely at the foot of the Alps . It thrives in Central Europe in societies of the Sisymbrion association, but occurs in its southern European main distribution area in societies of the Hordeion association.

In Central Europe, in areas with a warm climate, it settles in patchy wastelands , roadsides or clover fields. The Grausenf needs sand - or loose loam - or loess soil in Central Europe .

Systematics

The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Sinapis incana by Carl von Linné in Cent. Pl. I: 19, 1755. The new combination to Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. was founded by Adrian Rose Arnaud Lagrèze-Fossat in Fl. Tarn Garonne: published 19, 1847. Further synonyms for Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. are: Hirschfeldia adpressa Moench , Erucastrum incanum (L.) WDJ Koch , Brassica incana (L.) Döll . The specific epithet incana means ash gray.

The generic name Hirschfeldia honors the author, garden theorist and university professor Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld (1742–1794).

Hirschfeldia incana is the only kind of genre Hirschfeldia from the tribe Brassiceae within the family of the Brassicaceae .

literature

  • Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae. 2nd expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 3, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 150.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 439.
  3. ↑ Hirschfeldia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed July 31, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae : data sheet Hirschfeldia incana In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  5. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names . 3. Edition. Nikol-Verlag (licensed edition), Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-149-9 , p. 291 .
  6. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .

Web links

Commons : Grausenf ( Hirschfeldia incana )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files