Heyerode border house

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Partial view of the border house
Overview map of the Bailiwick of Dorla

The Grenzhaus Heyerode is a monument in the Thuringian rural community Südeichsfeld , district of Heyerode in the Unstrut-Hainich district .

The Grenzhaus Heyerode is located about 600 m east of the local area of ​​Heyerode on today's state road 2104, which was called "Heerweg" in the Middle Ages and was important as a connecting road to the Werra Valley . The border house was a western border point and customs collection point of the Vogtei Dorla with the area of ​​the Eichsfeld, which was under Mainz rule .

history

Within the Ganerbschaft Treffurt , the Bailiwick of Dorla , which included the towns of Ober- and Niederdorla and Langula, had an exceptional position. Since 967 it was in the possession of Kurmainz, who commanded the mayor's office , but did not have the high jurisdiction that fell to the Lords of Treffurt and the bailiwick over the collegiate church. The Mark Dorla went into the developing territory of the Treffurter gentlemen.

As legal successors, the three Treffurter Ganerbe took over the area of ​​the Bailiwick of Dorla from 1336. The powerful and prosperous imperial city of Mühlhausen as its northern neighbor also always showed a lively interest in taking over the bailiwick. As bishop and elector of Mainz, Gerlach von Nassau pledged his share of the hereditary income and rights in the bailiwick to the Mühlhauser council in 1360. According to the pledge, the imperial city took over the Dorla mayor's office, the bailiwick and the lower courts of Oberdorla , Niederdorla and Langula . For more than 200 years the city of Mühlhausen remained lien holder of the Bailiwick. As a result of the Reformation and the Peasants' War, the Archdiocese of Mainz had lost a significant part of the subordinate monasteries and possessions in Thuringia, and the remaining areas were to be saved. On November 17, 1572, Mainz therefore announced the return and on March 19, 1573, the Elector of Mainz, Daniel Brendel von Homburg , redeemed the bailiwick with 4968 thalers.

The earliest cartographic representation (still as a gate tower) can be found on the overview map, made in 1603 and improved in 1615, describing the office of an outline of the whole common Ganerbschetzt Trefurt, including the neck and the adjacent Chur and Princely Gränitzen in 1615 .

Even the late Middle Ages were shaped by feuds and robber barons. On the northern section of the Mühlhausen Landgraben , which was created as a double and single moat from around 1350 and used as a border fortification for the city of Mühlhausen, a Landwehr section to the south was soon built. In old maps it still bears the name "Chursächsische Landwehr" and secured the area of ​​the Bailiwick of Dorla, which is now also co-administered by Mühlhausen. From the Güldenen Holz near Diedorf to the border house Heyerode , the remains of these trench fortifications can still be seen in the forest. The following section is documented by historical maps as a "kink", apparently only an impenetrable hedge was planted there. The south-western section and continuation is the Landwehr built around five kilometers south in the Lempertsbachtal at the Haineck castle ruins near Nazza . Following the example of the Mühlhausen Landgraben, the road passage of the “Vogteier Landwehr” near Heyerode was provided with a customs house and watchtower, the place was guarded by military units in times of war, and in times of peace the “Hainknechte” had to fulfill this task as forest overseers and border patrols. The former gate tower and today's building mark a borderline that has been valid for over 1000 years.

Building history

The road passage, initially built as a gate tower, was in ruins after the Thirty Years War and was renovated as a half-timbered house using the massive tower floor. On the restored building you can see the date of 1650 next to the painted Mainz coat of arms. The border house now served as one of about ten forest houses in Hainich that have survived. The railway line Mühlhausen – Treffurt , opened in 1911, used the favorable terrain at the border house Heyerode to cross the mountains. The Heyerode train station and other buildings were built within sight of the border house. Local writers and reports in the daily newspapers made excursionists aware of the curious building, so it escaped the threat of demolition and was declared a monument. In the GDR era , the house was initially still used by the forest and sold to a painter in 1990; it is now privately owned.

Web links

literature

  • Harald Rockstuhl , Frank Störzner : Hainich history book - hike through the history of a natural heritage. Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2003, ISBN 3-932554-15-9 .
  • NN: From ancient times . Casual supplements to the »Mühlhäuser Anzeiger«. No. 23-28 . Dannersche Buchdruckerei, 1898, The Ganerbschaft Treffurt and The Vogtei Dorla in front of the Hainich.

Individual evidence

  1. Alexander Jendorff, "Condominatory rule relationships in the confessional age: die Ganerbschaft Treffurt 1555-1630", in: Journal of the Association for Hessian History (ZHG), Volume 107, 2002, pp. 163-180 (PDF file; 72 kB)
  2. ^ Walter Heinemeyer : The history of Hesse and Thuringia in the 16th century ... In: Historical Commission for Hesse (Hrsg.): Hesse and Thuringia - from the beginnings to the Reformation. An exhibition by the state of Hesse . Catalog. Wiesbaden 1992, ISBN 3-89258-018-9 , outline of the whole common Ganerbschetzt Trefurt, also of the neck and adjoining Chur- and Fürstlicher Gränitzen Anno 1615, p. 256-257 .
  3. ^ Image index to the archives of the Main State Archive Dresden, inventory no. II, 32 b, 10. In: "Outline of the whole community inheritance Trefurdt (forerunner map from 1603)" ,. Retrieved December 18, 2012 . unfortunately in unimaginably poor picture quality!

Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 3.7 ″  N , 10 ° 20 ′ 3 ″  E