Griselinia

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Griselinia
Griselinia racemosa, branch with fruits and leaves.

Griselinia racemosa , branch with fruits and leaves.

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Griseliniaceae
Genre : Griselinia
Scientific name of the  family
Griseliniaceae
Takht.
Scientific name of the  genus
Griselinia
G. Forest.

Griselinia is the only genus of the family of Griseliniaceae within the Doldenblütlerartigen (Apiales).

description

Illustration of Griselinia lucida by Frederick Polydore Nodder
Illustration from Historia fisica y politica de Chile segun documentos adquiridos en esta republica durante doce años de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo gobierno by Griselinia ruscifolia

Vegetative characteristics

They are always woody plants, bushes , small trees or lianas . Sometimes they grow epiphytically . They are mostly evergreen .

The alternate and spiral or double-row leaves on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are simple and leathery. In some species the leaf margins are serrated, the others have smooth leaf margins. In some species, the leaves are asymmetrical. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

They are dioecious separate sexes ( diocesan ). The inflorescences are structured differently. The unisexual flowers are small, five-fold and radial symmetry . The male flowers each have five sepals and five petals ; the sepals of the female flowers are tiny and petals are often absent. Male flowers contain five free, fertile stamens . The female flowers are three carpels an under constant ovary grown with three punches, but only two carpels are fertile .

They form lonely berries .

Branch with alternate, simple leaves and inflorescences of Griselinia littoralis

Systematics and distribution

The genus Griselinia G.Forst. was set up in 1786 by Georg Forster in Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus , page 75. The generic name Griselinia probably honors the Italian polymath Francesco Griselini (1717–1787). Type species is Griselinia lucida (JRForst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst. The Griseliniaceae family was established in 1987 by Armen Leonovich Takhtajan in Sistema Magnoliofitov , page 209.

In the past, the genus Griselinia was classified in the dogwood family (Cornaceae).

They have a strongly disjointed area : New Zealand and southern South America ( Chile , Argentina and southeastern Brazil ). Such a distribution can be found in some ancient groups of plants - see Gondwana urcontinent. They are a typical example of the Antarctic flora .

There are only six species in the genus Griselinia and thus also in the family Griseliniaceae:

  • New Zealand species:
The two New Zealand species are large shrubs or trees that can reach heights of 4 to 20 meters.
  • Griselinia littoralis (Raoul) Raoul : The leathery, deep green leaves are oval and 6 to 14 cm long. The greenish to yellow, small flowers provide bees with a lot of nectar. The small fruits are black-purple in color. Its Maori name is "Kapuka" or "Papauma". This species is also used as an ornamental plant.
  • Griselinia lucida G.Forst. : Its Maori name is "Akapuka". It differs from Griselinia littoralis mainly in that it has longer leaves that are 12 to 18 cm long.
  • South American species:
The South American species are small shrubs that reach heights of 1 to 5 meters. All species are called "Yelmo" in their homeland.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Griseliniaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 9, 2019.
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. online.

Web links

Commons : Griselinia  - collection of images, videos and audio files