Grotta di Fumane
| Grotta di Fumane
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 View into the Cave (2014) |
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| Location: | In Fumane , province of Verona , region Veneto , Italy | |
| Height : | 250 m slm | |
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Geographic location: |
45 ° 35 '32.8 " N , 10 ° 54' 16.8" E | |
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| Geology: | Oolithic limestone | |
| Type: | Horizontal cave | |
| Discovery: | 1884 | |
| Lighting: | electric | |
| Website: | Grotta di Fumane (English, Italian) | |
The Grotta di Fumane (Cave of Fumane, English : Fumane Cave , formerly Riparo Solinas ) is a paleoanthropological and archaeological site north of the municipality of Fumane in the Italian province of Verona . The cave is 250 meters above sea level and is part of a karst system, the partly tubular washouts formed in dolomite stone . The appearance of the cave today is mainly characterized by various rockfalls as a result of the temperature changes during the last cold periods in the Young Pleistocene . This also destroyed the outer wall of the cave. The cave has been open to visitors since 2005.
Digs
The cave, located in the Val dei Progni of the Monti Lessini hill country, had been known to be archaeologically significant since 1884, but was only explored intensively in 1964 and only for a short time. Continuous excavations have only taken place in the cave since the mid-1980s. After rubble and areas destroyed by predatory graves had been removed, layers of Neanderthals and - from the epoch of the early Aurignacia - anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) came to light in the cave .
As bedeutendster Fund a 1992 discovered true milk teeth - incisor , which due to the preserved mitochondrial DNA attributed to an anatomically modern humans in 2015 and an age 39,160 to 36,550 years before present ( Cal BP was dated). This upper jaw tooth (archive no. Fumane 2) is considered to be one of the earliest records of the presence of Homo sapiens (the so-called Cro-Magnon people ) in Europe . Some cave paintings in red ocher also come from Cro-Magnon people , the age of which is given as approx. 35,000 years and which are therefore among the oldest works of art in Italy today.
The presence of Neanderthals is evidenced by numerous stone tools and at least one tooth. Another special feature are the remains of various birds, 44,000 years old, whose feathers were cut by Neanderthals. According to the excavators, this is an intentional removal of large feathers, the use of which may have belonged to the symbolic sphere.
Some artifacts are exhibited in the Museo delle Scienze in Trento and in the Museo Paleontologico e Preistorico in Sant'Anna d'Alfaedo .
Exterior view (2014)
Rock painting: man with animal head (replica)
Profile with marking of the strata in the entrance area of the cave (2014)
See also
literature
- Stefano Benazzi, Shara E. Bailey, Marco Peresani, Marcello A. Mannino, Matteo Romandini, Michael P. Richards, Jean-Jacques Hublin : Middle Paleolithic and Uluzzian human remains from Fumane Cave, Italy , in: Journal of Human Evolution 70 (2014 ) 61-68.
- Marco Peresani, Marian Vanhaeren, Ermanno Quaggiotto, Alain Queffelec, Francesco d'Errico: An Ochered Fossil Marine Shell From the Mousterian of Fumane Cave, Italy. In: PLoS ONE . Volume 8, No. 7, 2013: e68572, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0068572 (full text)
- Alberto Broglio, Marco Peresani: La Grotta di Fumane - Neandertaliani e primi Uomini Moderni. 70,000 anni di Preistoria nei Monti Lessini.
Web links
- Evidence of scientific publications about the cave
- Description of the cave on ice-age-europe.eu
- Cave paintings may be oldest yet. On: bbc.co.uk from November 1, 2000
- Film report about the cave (Italian)
Individual evidence
- ^ Excavations at Fumane. On: ice-age-europe.eu
- ^ History of research. On: grottadifumane.eu , accessed on January 4, 2017
- ↑ S. Benazzi et al .: The makers of the Protoaurignacian and implications for Neanderthal extinction. In: Science . Volume 348, No. 6236, 2015, pp. 793–796, doi: 10.1126 / science.aaa2773 , full text (PDF)
- ↑ Explanations of the Fumane Cave Paintings. (English)
- ^ The Aurignacian Paintings of the Fumane Cave. ( Memento of the original from December 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. At: bradshawfoundation.com , accessed May 18, 2016
- ↑ Stefano Benazzi et al .: Middle Paleolithic and Uluzzian human remains from Fumane Cave, Italy. In: Journal of Human Evolution . Volume 70, 2014, pp. 61-68, doi: 10.1016 / j.jhevol.2014.03.001
- ↑ Marco Peresani et al .: Late Neandertals and the intentional removal of feathers as evidenced from bird bone taphonomy at Fumane Cave 44 ky BP, Italy. In: PNAS . Volume 108, No. 10, 2011, pp. 3888–3893, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1016212108 , full text (PDF)
- ↑ MUSE - Museo delle Scienze di Trento
- ↑ Pubblicata la guida sulla Grotta di Fumane , accessed on January 2, 2017
