Gustav Runge

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Gustav Runge, lithograph by Peter Krämer, Philadelphia, around 1860

Gustav Runge (born May 31, 1822 in Bremen ; † February 19, 1900 in Bremen) was a German architect .

biography

The young Runge grew up in a Bremen merchant family as one of seven brothers who were characterized by literary and musical interests and talents. To become an architect, Gustav spent his apprenticeship with the architect Jacob Ephraim Polzin together with Karl Gildemeister . From 1843 to 1846 he attended the Karlsruhe Polytechnic and in 1844 became a member of the Teutonia fraternity . Then, up to the revolution of 1848 , he studied in Berlin and, like Gildemeister, emigrated to the United States around 1850. He settled in Philadelphia , possibly at the suggestion of Theodore Thierry or his nephew Carl Ludwig Thierry in Karlsruhe. In Philadelphia, Runge was one of the few academically trained architects. In 1855, Runge and his temporary partner Napoleon LeBrun (1820–1901) won the tender to build the Academy of Music opera house (Philadelphia). The arched-style building, which was simplified for cost reasons and still exists today, is reminiscent of Venetian style elements. Several commercial and office buildings in Philadelphia also exist to this day.

Philadelphia, Academy of Music, 1857, photo 2009
Gut Mühlenthal around 1880

Runge temporarily returned to Germany in 1849 and finally to Bremen in 1861 at the latest, where he opened an office. He maintained contact with the USA: in 1873 he became a corresponding member of the American Institute of Architects . Among other things, he planned and built the Mühlenthal Castle of the manufacturer Ludwig Knoop in today's Knoops Park in St. Magnus in the neo-Gothic Tudor Gothic style from 1868 to 1871 , of which only the two gatehouses remained after the demolition in 1933. Around 1870 he built a palm house made of steel and glass, as well as other, in some cases technically innovative, greenhouses. Shortly before 1874 his palm house was built in Bremen-Oberneuland , which became the model for one in the Adelaide Botanical Garden . In addition, the technically exemplary bathing establishment on Breitenweg (destroyed by the war), the Heineken house on Oberneulander Landstrasse , which he converted and expanded , the Am Dobben 114 house from 1871 (preserved) and many other houses, often in the same style , were built in 1875 according to his plans the neo-renaissance . The preserved neo-Gothic Knoop mausoleum in Waller Friedhof from 1879, with a figure of Christ by Diedrich Kropp , was also built according to his design.

Runge was able to adapt to the style ideas of his clients. In America he used the current round arch style there, he served the later Baron Knoop in the genre of English Tudor country mansions, he gave rural economic buildings a shape in the Swiss style , the mausoleum followed the neo-Gothic style . His urban houses, like those of Heinrich Müller , who was almost the same age, are still determined by a canon of forms consisting of Renaissance elements in the spirit of classicism. In its time, historicism , this breadth of variation was nothing special; What was unusual was his interest in technical projects and their solutions, the indoor swimming pool and the glass and iron constructions of the representative greenhouses bear testimony to this.

Works

Palm House in Adelaide, 1875, photo 2007

Works in the USA 1850–1861

  • 1853: Morris L. Hallowell Stores, Market Street, Philadelphia
  • 1853: Drexel's Banking House, 22 South Third Street, Philadelphia
  • 1857: Draft to convert the Second Bank of the United States into a post office (not carried out)
  • 1857: Bailey & Co., Store, 813 Chestnut Street (today's census), Philadelphia
  • 1857: Philadelphia Opera House with Napoleon LeBrun.
  • Bunn & Raiguel Commercial Building, 135 North 3rd Street, Philadelphia

Works in Bremen from 1864

  • 1864: Gustav Runge house, Humboldtstrasse 16 (originally 161), preserved
  • 1868–1871: Mühlental Sankt Magnus Castle, with several greenhouses, destroyed
  • 1868: House John (Johann) Smidt, Contrescarpe 24, destroyed
  • 1869: Hollerbank in the Bürgerpark , preserved
  • 1869: Gate of honor at Herdentor on the visit of King Wilhelm I of Prussia in June 1869
  • 1870: Edm. Pavenstedt (later Tewes) Osterdeich 30, received
  • 1871: Remodeling and expansion of Haus Heineken, Oberneulander Landstrasse 151, received
  • 1871–1873: Consul House Justus Gruner (Vice Consul of the United States of America), Am Dobben 114, received, see Am Dobben group of houses
  • around 1870–1874: Palm house and farm building on the Rothermundt estate, Bremen-Oberneuland
  • 1875: Palm House (greenhouse) for the Botanic Garden of Adelaide , Australia, designed and manufactured in Bremen 1874, opened in 1877, restored in 2007 and 2018.
  • 1875 at: Residential building Sonnenstrasse 10, destroyed
  • 1875–1877: Public bathing establishment on Breitenweg, together with H. Ohnesorge, destroyed
  • 1879–1880: Mausoleum for Baron v. Knoop in the Walle cemetery
  • 1879–1880: Deaconess house on Nordstrasse (execution by Below)
  • 1880: House v. Knoop-Albrecht, Breitenweg 7, destroyed
  • 1882: Expansion of the children's hospital with a two-story pavilion (Horner Strasse), destroyed
  • 1888: Bremen main customs office, Kaiserstraße 41, destroyed
  • 1888: Landhaus Hackfeld am Lesumufer, Benbeckenstraße 13 (widow's residence of Marie Hackfeld, née Pflüger), destroyed
  • 1893: Gustav Adolf Schröder's house (businessman, partner in GA Schröder & Co), Osterdeich 59 (today 59-59a), preserved

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Kirschner: Directory of members of the Karlsruhe Burschenschaft Teutonia. 1966.
  2. ↑ Michael J. Lewis: The round arch style and the Karlsruhe-Philadelphia axis. In: Duration and change: Festschrift for Harold Hammer-Schenk. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2004, p. 129.
  3. ↑ Michael J. Lewis: The Architectural Competition for the Philadelphia Academy of Music, 1854-1855. In: Nineteenth Century 16, No. 2, 1997, pp. 3-10.
  4. ^ Roger W. Moss: Runge, Gustav. In: Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
  5. ^ Address book of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, 1862.
  6. ^ Alfred Löhr: A palm house from Bremen for Adelaide . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch, 97, 2018.
  7. ^ Note from Prof. Michael J. Lewis, Philadelphia
  8. ↑ Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 10, 1860, p. 145, plates 19-25. - Michael J. Lewis: The Architectural Competition for the Philadelphia Academy of Music, 1854-1855. In: Nineteenth Century 16, No. 2, Spring 1997, pp. 3-10.
  9. ^ NN: country house of Mr. L. Knoop near Bremen. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 7, 10, 1873, pp. 36-38.
  10. ↑ G. Runge: New greenhouse facility (for Baron Knoop in Bremen). In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 18, 13, 1884, p. 73.
  11. ↑ Bremen and its buildings. 1900, pp. 428-429, Figs. 460-463. Alfred Löhr: A palm house in Bremen for Adelaide and other Bremen greenhouses . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch 97, p.
  12. ^ Herbert Schwarzwälder: View of Bremen , Bremen 1985, ill. P. 63
  13. ↑ Bremen and its buildings. 1900, Fig. 464
  14. ↑ environment.sa.gov.au
  15. ↑ Palm House at Adelaide's Botanic Gardens stands alone as example of German glasshouse design ABC Radio Adelaide, August 31, 2018.
  16. ↑ Bremen and its buildings. 1900, p. 412.
  17. ↑ G. Runge: The public bathing establishment in Bremen, started May 1, 1876, completed November 15, 1877, together with a description of the mechanical facilities by H. Ohnesorge, engineer. Geffken, Bremen 1877.
  18. ↑ G. Runge: The Bremen bathing establishment. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 11, 78, 1877, pp. 383-384, 387.
  19. ^ G. Runge: (indoor swimming pool in Bremen). In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 22, 13, 1888, pp. 74-75.
  20. ↑ Bremen and its buildings. 1900, Figs. 340-341
  21. ↑ Bremen and its buildings. 1900, Fig. 339
  22. ^ Runge: (The main customs office on Kaiserstrasse, Bremen). In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 22, 46, 1888, pp. 278-279.
  23. ↑ Bremen and its buildings. 1900, p. 480.

Web links

Commons : Gustav Runge  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Runge, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH May 31, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH 19th February 1900
Place of death Bremen