Höllenhof (Quedlinburg)
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The Höllenhof is a listed building in the city of Quedlinburg in Saxony-Anhalt .
location
It is located east of the town's market square at Hell 11 and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It is registered as a residential building in the Quedlinburg monument register. Hell 12 , which is also listed, is adjacent to the south .
Usage history
The construction of the house took place after dendrochronological investigations in three stages between 1215 and 1301 and thus before the completion of the final Quedlinburg city fortifications.
In a document from the year 1233 there should be the mention ... of a farm and a house in the Pölle, Hell Infernus , which is ascribed to the Höllenhof. It is conceivable that it belonged to the tailor Thankolf and his wife Swanhild .
At the beginning of the 16th century the property was used as accommodation for the brotherhood domus Corporis Christi . Also in the 16th century, the electoral town voigt Friedrich Quenstedt was the owner of the house used as a brewery. The building then served Quedlinburg town clerks and treasurers as a residence in the 17th and 18th centuries . In 1610, the town clerk Jacobus Tham lived in the house, which was still used as a brewery. In 1660 the treasurer Christian Maschau lived in the building. In a register from 1685, the treasurer Lünzel is given as the owner and at the same time a duty to pay oats to the provost is listed. For 1763 the house is mentioned as a braid knitting and home of Christian Friedrich Zinn .
From the 19th century, the house housed a restaurant as well as apartments. In 1888, a hall was built in the property's courtyard, which served as a cinema from 1909. In 1912 the cinema was advertised as the Fürstenhof cinema salon - Quedlinburg's largest and most prestigious slide show . In 1893 a half-timbered farm building was erected on the courtyard, the compartments of which were bricked. This building was demolished again in 2002. There were apartments in the dilapidated house until the end of the 20th century. Finally, there was a consumption training room on the ground floor .
After a renovation in 2005/07, the building is the headquarters of the qbatur architectural office . The upper floor is used for residential purposes.
architecture
It was a representative bourgeois building. The massive outer walls are likely to be the remains of a medieval self-fortification. There were three massive buildings stretching north-south along the street Hölle, with a total length of 24 meters. It is assumed that first the southern part and then the northern corner building was built. A little later the middle building came in between. Excavations showed that the area was already settled before the 13th century, so shards from the 12th century could be found.
Southern part of the building
The oldest building in the south faces the street with its eaves and consists of plastered sandstone blocks . The window openings on the upper floor are likely to be of the construction period. A small indentation in the western facade is interpreted as the structural remnants of an outside chimney chimney. Above the place was later walled with sandstone. In the 19th century, modifications were made that shape the current appearance of the facade. On the courtyard side, only the two-shell sandstone masonry on the ground floor remains of the original structure. All in all, about half of the structure is from the construction time, there were originally four two-shell sandstone outer walls.
The roof of the building was dendrochronologically dated to the year 1295, but despite its considerable age it is unlikely to be the original roof from the construction period.
Inside the house there is a black kitchen added in the 17th century on the north side of the ground floor . The kitchen is located in a room formed by four round arches resting on sandstone pillars. Below the chimney, the arches are made of bricks measuring 27 by 12 by 8 cm. Sandstone was used above the arches, and it is assumed that this sandstone comes from the demolished northern outer wall of the southern building. In 1893 a door was added to an arch in the kitchen. Similar black kitchens can be found in Quedlinburg in the houses Gildschaft 3 and Wassertorstraße 5 . There is a vaulted cellar below the house. Today's exit to the cellar was broken into later.
South of the kitchen is another room on the ground floor of the house. It has the oldest structure on the property and has largely been preserved in its original form. The outer walls are one meter thick and consist of two-shell sandstone. A small Romanesque window, partly walled up , can be seen in the east wall . The sooty ceiling beams could be dendrochronologically dated to the year 1215. When an outbuilding was demolished, a fragment of an Attic column was found in the east wall, but its original function is unclear. Under the pillar there is a compass of a stonemason .
The upper floor probably originally served as a representative room. In addition to the relatively large window openings from the construction period, the relatively large ceiling height of 2.40 meters speaks for this.
Northern part of the building
The plastered facade on the north side of the building is characterized by the non-axial installation of the windows and the door. About two thirds of the building structure of the house originate from the construction time in the second half of the 13th century. In particular, the two-shell sandstone walls on the north and west sides and the beam layers on the ground floor and on the upper floor. The east gable and the area of the southern eaves were originally built in half-timbered construction. Only remnants of this are preserved today.
In the 18th / 19th In the 19th century, renovations were carried out that shaped the appearance of the building until the beginning of the 21st century. The windows on the ground floor, but also the entrance door with its baroque walls made of sandstone , come from such later conversions . The center stone of the door frame is designed in a wedge shape.
On the upper floor there are remains of biforias . The window openings were originally designed in the early Gothic style. Today the windows are designed in their renaissance form . The entrance to the house is surrounded by a Baroque style vestments. In addition, the house was rebuilt as a half-timbered house in the 18th century . The west and north walls are solidly constructed from double-shell sandstone ashlar masonry. The space between the bowls is filled with mortar and rough stones.
The building has a floor height of 4 meters on the ground floor. Unlike the other buildings in the Höllenhof, the northern part of the building does not have a basement. However, there has been access to the basement of the central building via a stone staircase, probably since the 14th century. The basement exit is designed as a round arch. The walling of the doorway was done with a rebated sandstone in the form of wedges. The cellar door is remarkable. It consists of four softwood planks and based on its design is dated to the end of the 15th century. On the outside there is a fitting with iron plates in small pieces. Some of the red-painted planks show impressions of iron plates that no longer exist today. These missing fittings were designed in the form of lilies and thistle blossoms.
Middle part of the building
The half-timbered central building connects the northern and southern tract. It has a full cellar and, according to the results of a dendrochronological examination, has existed since 1301. In the 17th century, it was renovated. This is where the black kitchen was created. The ground floor is built on the west side in massive construction from single and double shell sandstone. The eastern, courtyard-facing facade is made entirely of half-timbering. On the ground floor there is a Gothic vestment with an inscribed three-pass . Something similar can only be found in Quedlinburg at the house at Breite Straße 18 . In the west facade of the first floor there is a rectangular wall made of sandstone from the early Baroque period. The middle part of the building does not have an entrance door from the outside. The ground floor was divided into three small rooms by plank walls. The ceiling beams were renewed in the 17th century and cut into the top of the Gothic window frames. They extend in a north-south direction and are covered with a straw clay plaster .
On the upper floor, the half-timbered structure is characterized by an even row of columns. The compartments are filled with clay pegs and have a plaster made of straw clay on both sides. In the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, repairs were carried out using brickwork. The half-timbered wall on the courtyard side was rebuilt in the 17th century, as was the case on the ground floor. The compartments were filled with a mesh made of straw clay. A black comma on the half-timbered stands was a finding of the original color design . The interior of the upper floor is divided into two rooms by a half-timbered wall built in the 18th century.
The house is covered with a gable roof . The roof structure dates back to the construction period and forms a joint construction with the half-timbered outer wall of the west facade from the 14th century.
The basement, which can only be reached from the northern part of the building, is designed as a barrel vault and takes up the entire area of the central part of the building in an east-west direction.
To the east of the building is a large courtyard.
Renovation in the 21st century
At the beginning of the 21st century the property was in a state of disrepair. In addition to structural damage, there was an infestation with real dry rot . The building was first secured in 2002/04. At times it has already been used for exhibitions and events. In 2005/07, the architecture firm qbatur carried out a renovation , which then set up its offices in the renovated building. Living rooms were created on the upper floor. Younger, but completely dilapidated outbuildings had to be demolished. A sandstone wall with a gate entrance was erected facing the street. Its design and height of three meters is based on the historical building fabric. A newly built, narrow outbuilding is adjacent to this wall towards the courtyard. In 2008 the project won the 2nd prize of the Federal Prize for Crafts in Monument Preservation in Saxony-Anhalt.
literature
- Falko Grubitzsch in: Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 1: Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer and others: Magdeburg administrative region. Revision. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , page 750.
- State Office for the Preservation of Monuments of Saxony-Anhalt (Ed.): List of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 7: Falko Grubitzsch, with the participation of Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried and Mario Titze: Quedlinburg district. Volume 1: City of Quedlinburg. Fly head, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4 , page 135
- CC Hennrich, M. Schmidt in Fachwerk Lehrpfad, A tour through Quedlinburg from the Middle Ages to the 19th century , Deutsches Fachwerkzentrum Quedlinburg eV, Quedlinburg 2011, ISBN 3-937648-13-5 , page 52 ff.
Web links
- Information from the qbatur planning office for the Höllenhof
- Information on the half-timbered educational trail to the Höllenhof
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information from the planning office qbatur zum Höllenhof ( Memento of the original from August 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 51 ° 47 ′ 21.4 " N , 11 ° 8 ′ 36.8" E
