Hair awl grass

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Hair awl grass
Hair awl grass (Stipa capillata) near Saratow (Russia)

Hair awl grass ( Stipa capillata ) near Saratow (Russia)

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Feather grass ( Stipa )
Type : Hair awl grass
Scientific name
Stipa capillata
L.

The hair-esparto ( Stipa capillata ) is a plant of the genus spring grasses ( Stipa ) within the family of grasses . It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Stipa capillata in the Mainz sand
Above the knee, the awn is rough due to fine hooks.
Fruits wrapped in lemmas
Habitat on the "Sandberg" near Devínska Nová Ves in Slovakia
Hair awl grass in Lower Austria

The hair awl grass is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 40 to 80 centimeters and grows in clumps . The bald, smooth stalks are sometimes covered with fluffy hairs under the nodes. The alternate leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The leaf sheath is grooved, smooth, glabrous, brown and shiny. The leaf blade is usually folded, smooth to rough to short hairy. The ligule is usually 5 to 10 (rarely up to 15) mm long and tongue-shaped.

The panicle is arm-flowered. The spikelets are single-flowered. The bald awn is 12 to 20 cm long and kneeling. The glabrous and rough lemma is twisted in the lower part. There are Karyopsen formed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 44, less often 28 or 46.

ecology

The flowering period is between July and August.

The fruits are spread out by the wind and then, when water is absorbed, drill themselves into the ground through a rotating movement of the awns , so they are so-called "drill fruits".

Occurrence and endangerment

The hair awl grass belongs to the continental flora element and occurs in southwest, central and eastern Europe as well as in Asia up to northern China and in the Himalayas. It reaches the western limit of its area in the Upper Rhine and Rhone regions . In Central Europe it occurs only in the driest and warmest places (for example in the Palatinate, the Rhine Valley between Neckar and Moselle, on the Middle Main, in Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt, in Valais and Lower Engadine) in sparse dry grassland and forms small ones at its locations , but showy stocks. The hairy awl grass rises in warm, closed alpine valleys of the southern and eastern Alps at altitudes of up to 1000 meters. Overall, however, it is very rare to find.

The hairy awl grass thrives on base-rich, low-nitrogen sand, loess or stone soils, which heat up strongly in summer; it tolerates the surface drying out caused by it well because it has deep roots. It is a character species of the Stipetum capillatae from the Festucion valesiacae association, but rarely occurs in societies of the Xerobromion association.

The hair awl grass is under nature protection in Germany ; the species has been eradicated in places here because it was collected commercially for dried flowers .

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes. 12th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12573-1 .
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  260 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Stipa capillata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 14, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Hair awlgrass ( Stipa capillata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files