Haberbusch i Schiele

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Advertisement from 1936
The Warsaw premises of the demolished brewery in 2014

The Warsaw brewery Haberbusch i Schiele SA (more precisely: Społka Akcyjna Zjednoczonych Browarów Haberbusch i Schiele , in German: Aktiengesellschaft Vereinigte Brauereien Haberbusch und Schiele ) was one of the most important breweries in Poland in the interwar period and was one of the largest companies of its kind in Europe. The last brewery still producing in Warsaw no longer exists today.

history

Konstanty Schiele (1817-1886), son of German-born Burghardt Schiele, bought together with his brother-in-law Błażej Haberbusch (1806-1878) a brewery in the Warsaw district of Wola in 1846 . The seller of the brewery , which came from the bankruptcy estate of the Schöffer i Glimpf company and specializes in the production of Porter beer, was Bank Polski . With the participation of the joint father-in-law of the two young entrepreneurs, Henryk Klawe (1790–1868), the Haberbusch brewery , Schiele i Klawe, was founded, which initially employed 20 workers. The product range was expanded to include Pilsener , “Kulmbacher” and “Bavarian beer” (also: “Bavarian beer”). In 1850 another, small Warsaw brewery was taken over and integrated into the company.

After the founding partner Klawe left, the brewery operated under the name Haberbusch i Schiele from 1865 onwards . In 1880 export to Ukraine began with the establishment of a bottling plant in Kiev . Now the Ukraine has become an important sales market alongside the Vistula . In 1898 the company traded under the name Towarzystwo Akcyjne Browaru Parowego i Fabryki Sztucznego Lodu pf Haberbusch i Schiele with its registered office at ul . The share capital of the joint stock company was 1,500,000 rubles . The high quality of the beers produced has been documented by numerous awards at trade fairs. In 1885, the company received a silver medal at the Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition ( Wystawy Rolniczo-Przemysłowej ) in Warsaw, in 1896 a further silver medal at the All-Russian Industrial and Crafts Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod , a diploma at a hygiene exhibition in Warsaw in 1896 and a gold medal in 1910 in Odessa . In 1914, around 250 workers were already employed in the brewery.

First World War

The First World War led to looting initially by retreating Russian units, then by the German occupying forces. During the occupation, the production of the usual types of beer was banned, so that only a thin beer with a lower alcohol content could be produced and sold under the “Amata” brand approved by the German authorities.

Interwar period

Two sons of the founder, Feliks and Kazimierz Schiele (1860–1931) followed as successors in the management. In 1921, the company merged with four other Warsaw breweries that were economically stricken by the war ( Edward Reych i Synowie , Karol Machlejd , Seweryn Jung and Korona ) to form Społka Akcyjna Zjednoczonych Browarów Haberbusch i Schiele . The owners of the combined breweries received shares in proportion to the value brought in. This brewery conglomerate employed around 500 people and owned various industrial properties in Warsaw, mainly in the area of ul. Grzybowska , ul. Wronia , ul. Chłodnia and ul. Żelazna in the Wola district. In addition, properties were maintained in Białystok , Kalisz and Łódź . The fleet included 30 refrigerated rail cars, 25 trucks and around 100 horse-drawn carriage. In addition to beer ( light , dark , export and porter), gaseous drinks, lemonades , liqueurs (such as “cherry brandy” with 40 percent alcohol by volume ) and vodka were also produced. The company's logo included a representation of a sphinx . The brewery operated several beer gardens and bars in Warsaw, including the “Artistenbar”. Employees received many social benefits. Accident and unemployment insurance has been taken out for them, and an outpatient clinic with a pharmacy, a bathroom, a kindergarten, a preschool and a holiday complex in the nearby town of Jabłonna are maintained.

Insurgents bagging barley in a grain store of the brewery in what was then ul.Ceglana 4/6 in August 1944
The dangerous transport of Haberbusch i Schiele grain sacks under fire from German units
The brewery's characteristic deposit bottle from the 1940s
Today no longer existing ruins (post-war buildings) of the brewery in 2008

Second World War

When attack of German troops in September 1939, there have been several bombings to the factory, where mainly the power plant has been damaged. After the Germans marched into Warsaw, the company's previous management was supplemented by a commissioner appointed by the occupiers. There were regulations (salaries and sales prices) as well as a restriction of the distribution in Warsaw in favor of an extended sale in the Generalgouvernement . In the following years of the war, resistance fighters wanted by the occupying forces were employed in the brewery by producing false identity papers . The smuggling of food into the Jewish ghetto adjacent to the factory premises was also tolerated by the (Polish) management. In October 1943, Operations Director Aleksander Schiele (1890–1976) and his 19-year-old son Jerzy were arrested by the Gestapo . The two were detained in Warsaw's Pawiak Prison and interrogated using force. Konstanty Schiele was released from custody and his son was shot on instructions from Heinrich Himmler for activities in the Home Army .

During the Warsaw Uprising , the brewery's enormous grain stores ( wheat and barley ) supplied food for the starving residents of Warsaw's enclosed old town , whose food situation was aggravated by refugees from other parts of the city. Voluntary carriers of the grain were rewarded for their own use due to the risk of discovery with an income of two kilograms for every ten kilograms of grain delivered to the quartermaster's office. Later building cellars of the contested factory served as the headquarters of the II. Region of the III. Sub- district in Wola (Polish: II Rejon, Obwód III Wola ) under Captain Wacław Stykowski (1912–1981, pseudonym "Hal").

post war period

After the end of the war, Aleksander Schiele partially rebuilt the destroyed brewery in ul. Grzybowska , but was unable to build on the pre-war successes with it. Nationalized on April 28, 1949, the company, renamed Warszawskie Zakłady Piwowarskie, was managed by Schiele as managing director until his retirement, who also worked in the Warsaw office for the reconstruction of the capital .

The most famous beer produced in the brewery was the "Królewskie", which was sold in bottles in Warsaw and in barrels in the surrounding Warsaw Voivodeship . On July 19, 1972, the first bottles of Coca-Cola filled in Poland rolled off the production line in the brewery , which were then sold in the Warsaw supermarkets Supersam and Sezam .

As part of the privatization waves after the political change in Poland, the brewery was renamed two more times in the 1990s, first in Browary Warszawskie SA (1992), then in Browary Warszawskie "Królewskie" SA (1997), until it was finally in 2000 by taken over by the Austrian group Brau Union and resold in 2004 as part of the restructuring of the activities of the Heineken group in Poland. The new owner, however, then relocated production to Warka , as its continuation in the central city of Warsaw has meanwhile caused too high costs. The cessation of production activities in Warsaw was justified with a cumulative loss of around 100 million złoty in the years 2001 to 2003. 250 employees lost their jobs. The former company premises were sold in 2006 to the Spanish real estate development company Grupo Prasa , which is planning the construction of a building complex for office and residential purposes here. This will also include three high-rise buildings around 120 meters high (designed by the architects JEMS and MWH ). The partially still existing cellar systems of the old brewery are to be integrated into the new system. Most of the post-war buildings on the site were demolished in 2007; two pre-war properties and part of the basement are under monument protection. Today's owner of the naming rights of the dissolved brewery is Grupa Żywiec SA

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jerzy S. Majewski, Dariusz Bartoszewicz and Tomasz Urzykowski, Spacerownik Warszawski , Agora SA, ISBN 978-83-60225-96-7 , Warsaw 2007, p. 89
  2. ↑ Warsaw newspaper , spending 148-298, published by Hindemith, edition of 14 July 1860 ads (Restaurant Listings)
  3. ↑ Warsaw newspaper , spending 148-298, published by Hindemith, edition of 11 November 1860 ads (Restaurant Listings)
  4. ^ Anna Domanska, Andreas Lawaty and Wieslaw Mincer, German-Polish Relations in Past and Present: Bibliography 1900–1998 ; Volume 14 of the publications of the German Poland Institute Darmstadt , German Poland Institute, ISBN 978-3447042437 , Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000, footnote 5714, p. 417
  5. ↑ Report of the West Prussian Botanical-Zoological Association, Danzig , volumes 31–33, Westpreussischer Landtag (ed.), 1909, p. 18
  6. ^ Society for the Promotion of West-Eastern Encounters in Europe (Ed.), European Encounter , Volume 3, R. Robbins, 1963, p. 452
  7. ^ Joanna KM Hanson, The Civilian Population and the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 , ISBN 978-0521531191 , Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 226
  8. ↑ Bernd Martin and Stanisława Lewandowska, Der Warsaw Uprising 1944 , ISBN 978-8386653096 , German-Polish Publishing House, 1999 p. 185
  9. ^ Janusz Piekałkiewicz , Kampf um Warsaw , 2nd edition, Herbig, 1994, p. 160
  10. ↑ Barbara Engelking, Barbara Engelking-Boni and Helga Hirsch, Uncomfortable Truths: Poland and His Relationship to the Jews , Volume 2561 of Edition Suhrkamp , ISBN 978-3518125618 , Suhrkamp Verlag, 2008, p. 67
  11. ^ The Saturday Evening Post , Volume 226, Curtis Publishing Company, 1953, p. 151
  12. ↑ a b Information on Grupo Prasa ( Memento of the original from February 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Wieżowce Warszawy website (accessed March 20, 2014; in English)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wiezowce.waw.pl
  13. ↑ History of Coca-Cola's presence in Poland ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Coco-Cola Hellenic Poland website (accessed March 21, 2014; in Polish)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / en.coca-colahellenic.pl
  14. ↑ Tylko naturalne aromaty i bez dodatku konserwantów. Od 1886r. on the Coca-Cola Poland website (accessed March 21, 2014; in Polish)
  15. ↑ Heineken NV consolidated the brewery group Grupy Zywiec SA , as well as from the acquisition of Brau Union falling to Brau Union Polska
  16. ↑ a b c Agnieszka Domańska, Pożegnanie Haberbusha  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bractwopiwne.pl   on the website of Bractwo Piwne , possibly . from: Życie Warszawy (accessed on March 21, 2014, in Polish)
  17. ↑ In the immediate vicinity there are high-rise buildings such as the Hotel Hilton Warsaw , the Warsaw Trade Tower or the Warsaw Spire

literature

  • Zofia Jurkowlaniec and Roland Borchers, Polacy z wyboru: Rodziny pochodzenia niemieckiego w Warszawie w XIX i XX wieku / Poland of free choice: Families of German origin in Warsaw in the 19th and 20th centuries , ISBN 978-83-62020-46-1 , Fundacja Wspołpracy Polsko-Niemieckiej / Dom Spotkań z Historią, Warsaw 2012, pp. 193–197

Web links

Commons : Haberbusch i Schiele  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 9.1 ″  N , 20 ° 59 ′ 14 ″  E