Handroanthus impetiginosus

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Handroanthus impetiginosus
Rigid 070221-4697 Tabebuia impetiginosa.jpg

Handroanthus impetiginosus

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Trumpet Family (Bignoniaceae)
Genre : Handroanthus
Type : Handroanthus impetiginosus
Scientific name
Handroanthus impetiginosus
( Mart. Ex DC. ) Mattos

Handroanthus impetiginosus ( Syn. Tabebuia impetiginosa ) is a hardwoodtree species from the genus Handroanthus , which belongs to the trumpet treefamily(Bignoniaceae). The species is distributed from southern North America to northern South America . Colloquially, this tree species is oftencalled Lapacho ,along with several other species found in Central and South America.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Habitus
bark

Handroanthus impetiginosus is a deciduous tree up to 30–35 m high. Its diameter at chest height reaches up to 70-80 cm. Its bark is relatively smooth, grayish and provided with weak, longitudinal furrows. In the vessels of the dark brown, solid, very heavy wood , ironwood (Ipê, Lapacho), there is a yellowish powder, the so-called Lapachol . The twigs are almost round, mealy hairy at the tips and later balding.

The stalked leaves are hand-shaped with 5-7 leaflets . The acuminate to acuminate, stalked leaflets are ovate to elliptical and tapered towards the base, wedge-shaped to rounded or almost heart-shaped. Often they are designed unevenly. The middle leaflet is 5 to 19 cm long and 1.5 to 8 cm wide, the lateral leaflets are becoming increasingly smaller. Young leaves are often clearly and regularly serrated, on mature leaves the edge is completely or only slightly and irregularly serrated in the upper half. The membranous to paper-like surface of the leaves is slightly scaly on both sides. The hairs, which can always be found on the underside of the branches of the leaf veins, consist of simple or forked trichomes . Occasionally the entire main vein or the entire underside of the leaf is hairy. The stalk of the largest partial leaf is 1 to 4.2 cm long, the lateral ones become increasingly shorter. The petiole is 4 to 13 cm long, scaly and finely hairy.

Inflorescence and flowers

The inflorescences are terminal, mostly more or less crowded panicles , in which the flowers are in groups of three. The twigs are colored whitish to light brown by floury hairs made up of thick, star-shaped trichomes. The calyx has a similar hairiness ; its shape is cup-shaped, at the edge it is cut off or provided with five slightly pronounced lobes. It becomes 4 to 6 mm (rarely up to 9 mm) long and 3 to 6 mm wide. The crown is tubular-bell-shaped and colored magenta; the crown throat is initially yellow, later fading purple. Plants with pure white flowers also appear sporadically. The crown reaches a length of 4 to 7.5 cm, the corolla tube is 2.5 to 5 cm long and 1.2 to 5 mm wide at the opening. The corolla lobes are 0.9 to 2 mm long and hairy on the outside, the inside has only a few isolated, simple, glandular trichomes, which are located at the level of the attachment points of the stamens .

The stamens appear in two forms. The dust bags consist of two counters standing apart, which are 2.5 to 3.5 mm long. The ovary is elongated, 3 to 4 mm long and 1 mm long. It is hairless to slightly scaly. The ovules are usually four rows in the ovary compartments. The flower base is cup-shaped, 1 to 1.5 mm long and 2 mm wide.

Fruits and seeds

The fruit is an elongated, cylindrical, hairless capsule that becomes 12 to 56 cm long and 1.3 to 2.6 cm wide. It is pointed at both ends. The seeds are 1 to 1.6 cm long and 3.4 to 8 cm wide and have two translucent, membrane-like wings that are clearly separated from the actual seed body.

distribution

The species is distributed from northwestern Mexico to northwestern Argentina . It grows between sea level and 1400 m altitude, mostly in temporarily dry, deciduous or partially deciduous forests. Occasionally, it is also found in drier parts of the Amazon .

Local names

In Mexico, the tree is called amapa , amapa prieta , amapa rosam , roble cinero , roble serrano , canafistula , canafistula cimarrona , canafistula bofa , macuil , palo de cortez , rosa morada or ta-wi-yo , in Guatemala it is called cortez colorado , known in El Salvador as cortez negro . Colombian local names are cafiaguate morado , roble morado or polvillo , in Venezuela the plant is known as polvillo or araguaney poi , in Suriname as groenhart . The names ipe roxo , ipe rosa , ipe preto and pao d'arco come from Brazil ; from Paraguay and Argentina lapacho , lapacho rosado and taiiy pichai . In Bolivia it is called Tajibo .

The names have different etymological origins, pao d'arco means something like " bow tree", ipe roxo "red, thick bark" and taiiy is derived from the languages Guaraní and Tupi and means something like "possessing strength and vitality".

Botanical history and systematics

The species was in 1845 under the name Tecoma impetiginosa by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the ninth volume of the Prodromus naturalis regni systematis vegetabilis first described . The epithet impetiginosa refers to the widespread use of the bark as a remedy for impetigo contagiosa . In 1936 the species was assigned to the genus Tabebuia by Paul Carpenter Standley as Tabebuia impetiginosa . João Rodrigues de Mattos divided the genus Tabebuia into two genera in 1970 , where he classified the species with hand-like composed leaves and a total of eight to nine rows of ovules in a new genus Handroanthus . The name Handroanthus impetiginosus was also validly published for the first time. However, this division of the genus Tabebuia was rejected by Alwyn Gentry in different works on the family of the trumpet tree plants, so that the species continued to be listed as Tabebuia impetiginosa . Molecular biological studies by Susan Grose and Richard Olmstead from 2007 showed that this broad generic concept of Tabebuia is not tenable from a phylogenetic point of view and divided the genus into three genera, with the already described generic name Handroanthus being reintroduced to a different extent.

In addition to these different views on the species belonging to the species, a large number of other taxa have been described over the course of time , which are now synonymous with Handroanthus impetiginosus . These are mainly representatives of the species that are restricted to certain geographic regions, but none of them is independent enough to be listed as a separate species. Alwyn Gentry discusses in the "Flora Neotropica" a possible distinction between two varieties , which differ in the type of hairiness on the underside of the leaves, but does not make this division himself. The white-flowered representatives of the species, which are sometimes called "var. alba ”should, in his opinion, not be treated as a variety, but rather as a form.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b J. Rubén Gómez Castellanos, José M. Prieto and Michael Heinrich: Red Lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa) - A global ethnopharmacological commodity? In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . Volume 121, 2009. pp. 1-13. doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2008.10.004 .
  2. ^ Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius: Tecoma impetiginosa . In: Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle (Ed.): Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. Volume 9, 1845, p. 218.
  3. ^ John Carpenter Standley: Studies in American Plants VI . Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Series, Volume XI, Number 5, 1936. p. 176.
  4. ^ Susan O. Grose and Richard G. Olmstead: Taxonomic Revisions in the Polyphyletic Genus Tabebuia sl (Bignoniaceae) . In: Systematic Botany. Volume 32, Issue 3, 2007, pp. 660-670.

literature

Web links

Commons : Handroanthus impetiginosus  - collection of images, videos and audio files