Hans Bol
Hans Bol (born December 16, 1534 in Mechelen , † November 20, 1593 in Amsterdam ) was a draftsman and painter of the Dutch High Renaissance of Flemish origin. His works often show freely arranged landscapes of his homeland, biblical themes and cityscapes. Many of his motifs were copied or distributed as copper engravings .
Origin and education
Bol's parents were Simon Bol and Catharina van der Stock. In the years 1548–1549 he acquired the technique of painting with watercolors on canvas, which was widespread in Mechelen; Teachers were his uncles Johannes and Jacob Bol. Between around 1551 and 1552 Hans Bol lived in Heidelberg , from 1553 he was back in Mechelen. In 1560 he became a member of the painters' guild there.
Artistic success, double escape
Bol's landscape paintings in watercolor technique were obviously in demand. The success came to an abrupt end with the flight to Antwerp forced by the Spanish invasion (reign of terror of the Duke of Alba ) in 1572: Bol lost all of its possessions when Mechelen was sacked. Initially penniless, he limited himself to miniature painting . But success returned, in 1574 he became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke and in 1575 a citizen of the city. He probably also employed people in his Antwerp studio.
Armed conflicts forced Bol to change locations again. In 1584 he left Antwerp and lived in Dordrecht for two years , then in Delft . Finally he moved to Amsterdam, where he received civil rights in 1591.
death
Bol died in 1593 and was buried on November 30th in the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam. He was married and had no children. His (well-known) students were his stepson Frans Boels, Jacob Maertensz Savery and Joris Hoefnagel . His brother Jacob Bol and his sons were also painters.
Works (selection)
Almost nothing of Bol's early work has survived. In addition to water technology, he also worked in oil on canvas or wood; his miniatures were mostly gouaches on parchment .
- Landscape with the Fall of Icarus , watercolor on paper
- Rural fair, oil on canvas
- Village festival, oil on wood
- Flemish Festival (462 × 720 mm; 1559), Stedelijk Prentenkabinet, Antwerp
- Reconciliation between Jacob and Esau
- Series of twelve monthly pictures
- Series of landscapes (1562)
- Series of cityscapes, such as Antwerp
- Prayer book for the Duke of Anjou (1582), illustration from a manuscript
- Story of Abraham , six round copper engravings (around 1574)
- Goose catching game, copper engraving
Many motifs were re-engraved, for example by Philipp Galle , Hieronymus Cock , Matthäus Merian , Hieronymus Wierix and others.
literature
- Abraham Jakob van der Aa: Biographical woordenboek der Nederlanden. Volume 1. JJ van Brederode, Haarlem 1852, pp. 244–245.
- Wilhelm Adolf Schmidt: Bol, Hans . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 94 f.
- J. Fruytier: Bol. In: Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Volume 8. Sijthoff, Leiden 1930, col. 168-169.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Hollstein : Dutch and Flemish etchings, engravings, and woodcuts. Volume 3. Menno Hertzberger, Amsterdam [1950], pp. 36-49.
- Ariane van Suchtelen: Hans Bol. In: General Artist Lexicon. The visual artists of all times and peoples. Volume 12. Saur, Munich and Leipzig 1996. ISBN 3-598-22752-3 ; Pp. 359-360.
- Hans Devisscher: Hans Bol. In: The dictionary of art. Edited by Jane Turner. Volume 4. Macmillan, London 1996. ISBN 1-884446-00-0 ; Pp. 251-252.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harald Kümmerling: The lost son of Hans Bol. In: Guitar & Laute 2, 1980, 3, pp. 26–30 (= picture or image , 7)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bol, Hans |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bol, Jan |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch painter and draftsman of Flemish origin |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 16, 1534 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mechelen |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 20, 1593 |
| Place of death | Amsterdam |