Hans David Tobar

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Hans David Tobar (born Hans David Rosenbaum on April 18, 1888 in Cologne ; died April 4, 1956 in New York City ) was a German actor , writer , cabaret artist in the Cologne Carnival . After the National Socialists came to power , the Jewish artist was ostracized and was banned from public appearances in 1933. In 1939 Hans Tobar had to emigrate from Germany with his family .

Life

Hans Rosenbaum was born in Cologne as one of ten children of Markus Rosenboom-Tobar from Breskens and his wife Ida Kaufmann. He grew up in the Greek market district. His father worked as a cemetery attendant for the Cologne synagogue community and as a cemetery guard for the Deutz Jewish cemetery . Around 1900 the family changed their family name from Rosenbaum (Rosenboom) to Tobar, the maiden name of his father's mother.

After graduating from school, he began a commercial training in a wool and jersey store in 1901. He then earned his living as a traveling salesman . Before World War I , Tobar appeared on various occasions, such as summer festivals, the Jewish Purim festival, and the annual carnival events . He worked as an extra at the opera house, appeared as an emcee , z. B. in the Rosenhof and took on smaller roles in the Dramatic Society .

As a 17-year-old he already appeared at a meeting of the Great Carnival Society, which took him in as a recorder in 1910 . The humorous opening of the meeting was one of his tasks as the recorder of the Carnival Society. Hans Tobar performed for the first time in January 1914 at the traditional Rote Funken company . During the First World War he was called up for military service and from April 1915 he was employed in the medical service in Aachen and Elsenborn . During this time, the Rote Funken supported their club member with packages. Numerous field postcards from Hans Tobar to the Carnival Society have survived. In 1917 he was transferred to the Eastern Front in Russia for a year. Shortly before the end of the war, Hans Tobar came back to the military hospital in Aachen, where he was deployed to look after the troops.

In the early 1920s, Tobar became an integral part of the meetings of the Rote Funken. In November 1922 he was made Honorary Senator of the Spark. Because he could not raise the membership fees during the hyperinflation , he was dismissed from the carnival club in 1923, like over 70 other members. In the mid-1920s, Hans Tobar not only performed in Cologne, but also in other cities in the Rhineland, among others. a. in Krefeld and Aachen. After his wedding in 1924 to Urseldirectorowitz, Hans Tobar spent the summer months on Norderney and performed here to entertain the bathers in the Kaiserhof , in the Simmerings Hotel , in the Arcadia-Künstlerspiele and Tanzpalast and in the theater Der Rote Teppich . On Norderney he founded the Zoppejröns Carnival Society and performed with the Rhenish Puppet Stage . Numerous well-known Cologne carnivalists and folk singers, u. a. Willi Ostermann made guest appearances at Tobar's performances on Norderney.

In Cologne Tobar came not only as a comedian, Krätzchensänger and reciter on in the tradition societies, but also participated in the rag balls of the Cologne Progressives in Em dekke Tommes in the Glockengasse . Tobar also wrote programs for the Jewish carnival association Kleiner Kölner Klub on a regular basis .

After the National Socialists came to power, his stage contract with the Blatzheim companies was not extended and his name was also deleted from the programs for the 1932/33 season. Although he was well known and loved by the Cologne audience, Hans Tobar was no longer allowed to appear in the official carnival. Many of his former friends turned away from the Jewish artist. Up until the summer of 1934 he was still able to perform at Norderney. Then Hans Tobar and his family moved back to Cologne. Like many of the Jewish artists, Hans Tobar was only able to appear at events organized by the Jewish Cultural Association of Rhine-Ruhr and the Cologne Jewish Community in the Rhineland Lodge or at civil society. The employment at the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden secured him a modest livelihood after his wife was no longer allowed to work. His children Max Theodor and Lieselotte (Liselke) also accompanied him on some of the performances. He worked again as an actor until 1935, a. a. in the play Sonkin and the main hit . He moderated dance evenings for the synagogue community in Cologne. In the carnival season 1937/38 Tobar appeared for the last time in Germany.

On December 9, 1939, he and his family managed to emigrate to the United States of America via Rotterdam . In America he earned his living as a machinist in a leather processing company. As early as 1940 he appeared again in front of German emigrants with carnival programs. Hans Tobar died on April 4, 1956 in New York.

Private life

Hans Tobar married Ursel Direktorowitz (Dyrektorowitsch), who was born in Minsk in February 1924 in Bremen . On May 14, 1924, their son Max Theodor was born in Bremen, and their daughter Lieselotte was born on March 11, 1926 in Cologne. His wife opened a clothing store in Norderney in 1925 . The Tobar family regularly spent the bathing season on Norderney; in winter they lived in Cologne, on Rudolfplatz . In the summer of 1934 Ursel Tobar had to close her clothing store on Norderney due to the exclusion of Jewish merchants. She tried to continue her professional career in Cologne with a friend. The takeover of a clothing store in the Hohe Pforte failed, however. Ursel Tobar died on May 25, 1940 in New York.

Many members of the Tobar family were murdered in the Holocaust . His mother Ida Tobar was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto on January 29, 1943 at the age of 90 , where she died shortly after arriving on February 10, 1943. Five siblings of Hans Tobar - Bernhard, Hermann, Julie, Sally and Willy - were murdered in Litzmannstadt , Theresienstadt and Auschwitz .

Honor and reception

Stumbling block in front of the house at Meister-Gerhard-Straße 5, Cologne-Neustadt-Süd

The Cologne carnival company StattGarde Colonia Ahoj has been awarding the Hans David Tobar Prize at irregular intervals since 2014 . The prize is awarded to people “who selflessly stand up for other people or who bravely stand up and fight for change when it comes to socially critical issues”. The 88-year-old daughter Lieselotte Tobar-Cordaro and her grandchildren Julia and David Cordaro were also present at the first awarding of the Hans Tobar Prize to Markus Ritterbach . In 2017 the Hans Tobar Prize was awarded to Elfie Scho-Antwerpes .

On March 18, 2019, four stumbling blocks in memory of Hans David Tobar, his wife and children were laid by the artist Gunter Demnig in front of the former home at Meister-Gerhard-Straße 5 .

Plays and songs by Hans Tobar (selection)

  • Köllen eyn Kroyn , Carnival revue (1927/28)
  • Under the fool's cap , Carnival revue (1928/29)
  • Hello! Cologne on wave 1111 , Carnival revue (1929/30)
  • D'r loyal hussar , carnival revue (1930/31)
  • E Beßsche Fasteleer , Carnival Revue (1930/31)
  • Carnival as before , Carnival revue (1932/33)
  • Cologne am Rhing en fröhere Zigge Music and Text, (1930)
  • Alle Poppe danze , puppet show for the Millowitsch Theater (1933)
  • Noise in the Orient , puppet show (1935)
  • Yes that's nice , lyrics (1929)
  • Youth is beautiful and the roses are beautiful , lyrics

literature

  • Hellen Santana Silva: Carnival-like biographies - Simon Oppenheim, Hans Tobar and Max Salomon . In: Daniela Sandner, Romana Wahner, Hans Driesel, Magret Löther (eds.): "Jüdisch jeck". Fastnacht and Purim an approximation , Kitzingen, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7448-1504-8 , pp. 89-92

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Marcus Leifeld: The Cologne Carnival in the time of National Socialism: from a regional folk festival to a propaganda instrument of the National Socialist community . Ed .: NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne. emons, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-95451-405-2 , p. 257-266 .
  2. ↑ a b Barbara Becker-Jákli, in collaboration with Aaron Knappstein: The Jewish cemetery in Cologne-Bocklemünd: history, architecture and biographies . Ed .: NS Documentation Center: Historical Archive of the City of Cologne. emons, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-95451-889-0 , p. 136 ff .
  3. ↑ Field postcards from Hans Tobar to the Rote Funken. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Tobar, Hans David. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Marcus Leifeld: The Cologne carnival in the time of National Socialism: from the regional folk festival to the propaganda instrument of the National Socialist community . Ed .: NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne. emons, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-95451-405-2 , p. 53 .
  6. ↑ Marcus Leifeld: The Cologne carnival in the time of National Socialism: from the regional folk festival to the propaganda instrument of the National Socialist community . emons, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-95451-405-2 , p. 276 .
  7. ^ A b Hans-Ulrich Dillmann: No more fun. February 5, 2013, accessed February 20, 2019 .
  8. ^ Elfi Pracht: Jewish cultural work in Cologne 1933–1941 . In: History in Cologne . tape 29 , no. 1 . Böhlau, 2015, p. 120 .
  9. ^ Hatred of Jews by the Bütt. Retrieved November 19, 2011 .
  10. ↑ Frithjof Trapp (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon of Theater Artists . 2 LZ. Saur, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-598-11375-7 , pp. 941 .
  11. ↑ Carnival under the swastika. An exhibition in the EL-DE house. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Marcus Leifeld: The Cologne carnival in the time of National Socialism: from the regional folk festival to the propaganda instrument of the National Socialist community . Ed .: NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne. emons, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-95451-405-2 , p. 299 f .
  13. ↑ Ingeborg Pauluhn: Jewish migrants in the seaside resort of Norderney 1893-1938 with special consideration of the children's rest home UOBB. Zion Lodge XV. No. 360 Hanover and Jewish businesses . 1st edition. Igel-Verlag, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86815-541-9 , pp. 186 f .
  14. ↑ Jürgen Müller, Marcus Leifeld: Alaaf under the swastika. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  15. ^ Ida Tobar: Database Ghetto Theresienstadt. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Anniversary: ​​Great evening for the Stattgarde. April 1, 2014, accessed on February 20, 2019 (German).
  17. ↑ Andreas Klein: | StattGarde celebrates Captain's Dinner at a new place of work. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  18. ↑ StattGarde Colonia Ahoj eV - StattGarde News. Retrieved February 20, 2019 .
  19. ↑ wdr.de: Cologne relocates new stumbling blocks in memory of Nazi victims , accessed on March 19, 2019
personal data
SURNAME Tobar, Hans David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rosenbaum, Hans David; Rosenboom, Hans David
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German actor, author and cabaret artist
DATE OF BIRTH April 18, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne
DATE OF DEATH April 4th 1956
Place of death New York City