Hartmannus Hartmanni the Elder

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Hartmannus Hartmanni the Elder (* around 1495; † July 3, 1547 ) was a professor at the University of Heidelberg , was made court advisor to Count Palatine Friedrich II in 1523 , raised to the nobility by Emperor Charles V in 1528 , Chancellor of the Upper Palatinate around 1535 and Chancellor in 1545 the Electoral Palatinate , whose anti-papal politics he shaped significantly.

Life

Hartmannus was the son of the Heidelberg professor Andreas Hartmanni (approx. 1432–1495) from the family of the Hartmanni family of Eppingers . Nothing is known about his mother, he was probably born in Heidelberg and probably grew up in Eppingen , where he probably attended Latin school before he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg in 1509. There he received in 1512 a fellowship of the same name, Hartmannus Hartmanni († around 1510), recently donated . In 1519 he was dean of the Heidelberg Artist Faculty, which later became the Faculty of Philosophy. In 1521 he received his doctorate in law and philosophy. In 1523 he became professor of the Pandects and syndic of the university.

In 1527 he came to Neumarkt and Amberg in the Upper Palatinate as the closest adviser and councilor to Count Palatine Friedrich II , where he soon made a name for himself as an early supporter of the Reformation . He may have met Martin Luther at his Heidelberg disputation in 1518, but he was more likely to represent Martin Bucer's Upper German Protestantism . Irrespective of his commitment to the Reformation, Hartmannus Hartmanni was elevated to the nobility by Emperor Charles V in 1528 , he was reappointed to the court council in 1530 and placed under the special protection of the emperor ( Salvaguardia ), in 1532 Charles V even awarded him the title of Count Palatine ( comes palatinus ). In 1534/35 he succeeded the late Melchior Soiter as Chancellor of the Upper Palatinate.

In 1541 he was the companion of Count Palatine Friedrich II. To the Reichstag in Regensburg, where he led the Regensburg Religious Discussion . After the death of Elector Ludwig V , his brother Friedrich II succeeded him and took Hartmanni with him to Heidelberg in 1544. Hartmanni was first councilor there and finally became chancellor of the Electoral Palatinate in 1545. He promoted the implementation of the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate and also to some extent within the University of Heidelberg, which adhered to the old faith.

Hartmanni advocated joining the Schmalkaldic League . The circle around Hartmanni included Konrad von Rechberg , Franz Konrad von Sickingen (son of Franz von Sickingen ), and Philipp von Helmstatt , who maintained contact with the Schmalkaldic Confederation through Jakob Sturm von Sturmeck . Hartmanni and von Helmstatt accompanied Friedrich II after the Electoral Palatinate turned towards the Reformation on the Fief Day in Heidelberg in April 1546, where they were entrusted with leading negotiations on joining the Schmalkaldic League. Before the accession could take place, however, the Schmalkaldic War broke out, after whose end, which was unfavorable for the Protestants, Hartmanni was again with von Helmstatt's companion of Friedrich II to the Reichstag in Schwäbisch Hall, where he mediated with the victorious Catholic emperor.

Hartmanni died of the plague on July 3, 1547 and was buried in the Heiliggeistkirche in Heidelberg.

Recipe book

Like his employers Ludwig V and Friedrich II, Hartmanni was also very interested in medical and pharmaceutical topics. A recipe book he created has been preserved in two copies in the holdings of the Heidelberg University Library (completely in Codex Palatinus Germanicus 277, fragments in Codex Palatinus Germanicus 221). The writings came to the Vatican in 1623 with the Bibliotheca Palatina and returned to Heidelberg with the German manuscripts in 1816. The copies were probably made shortly after Hartmanni's death, whereby the arrangement of the recipes and the register part probably goes back to the copyist.

In addition to medical recipes for the treatment of human diseases, Hartmanni's recipe collection also contains instructions on veterinary medicine, cosmetics, the production of secret inks, making spoiled wine and bacon palatable, combating lice and fleas, growing plants and much more. In addition, the collection also contains a diagnostic section on urination and bloodletting , which means that it goes beyond a mere recipe book and is more like a forerunner of a house book.

Only a few recipes are based on written sources. Most of the recipes are likely to have been given to Hartmanni orally, as people, places and occasions are often noted as sources. Two recipes against “limb water” (serous or fibrinous exudates caused by joint inflammation) are likely to come from Elector Ludwig V, other recipes come from aristocrats from Hartmanni's environment, including Philipp von Helmstatt, Franz von Sickingen and the Palatinate Chancellor Florence von Venningen. In addition, sources appear including Bishop Johann von Regensburg , the Neumarkt court master Jörg von Heydeck and the Wimpfen Jew Sandermann, who was also valued by Ludwig V.

Among the medical prescriptions, there is an increasing number of prescriptions against tinnitus and against bladder and kidney stones , so that it can be assumed that Hartmanni himself suffered from these diseases.

family

Hartmanni was married to Helena Körner and had a son and three daughters:

  • Hartmannus Hartmanni the Younger (* 1523; † May 16, 1586) was a lawyer like his father, assessor at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer and counsel for three Palatinate electors. He also published his father's works.
  • Anna , married the Hofrat and Professor Nikolaus Cisnerus (1529–83)
  • Sibylla , married the councilor Philipp Heyles (1515–1566)
  • Maria Elisabeth , married the councilor and later Chancellor of the Upper Palatinate Johann Ludwig Kastner († 1566)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schofer 2002, p. 65.
  2. ↑ Schofer 2002, p. 68.
  3. ↑ Dieter Lehmann: Two medical prescription books of the 15th century from the Upper Rhine. Part I: Text and Glossary. Horst Wellm, Pattensen / Han. 1985, now at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 34), ISBN 3-021456-63-0 , p. 180 f.
  4. ↑ Schofer 2002, pp. 69/70.
  5. ↑ Schofer 2002, p. 68.

literature

personal data
SURNAME Hartmanni, Hartmannus the Elder
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chancellor of the Electoral Palatinate
DATE OF BIRTH around 1495
DATE OF DEATH July 3, 1547