Hartwig von Spanheim

Hartwig von Spanheim († June 17, 1102 in Vatterode ) was Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1079 to 1102 .

Life

Hartwig, previously canon in Mainz and provost in Erfurt , one of three sons of Count Siegfried I from the Spanheim family , succeeded in archbishopric one year after the death of his predecessor Wernher von Steusslingen, who was slain in Thuringia after August 7, 1078 .

Elevated to the archbishop's chair by the anti-king Rudolf of Swabia , he was, alongside Bishop Burchard von Halberstadt, one of the most ardent supporters of Pope Gregory VII and opponent of King Henry IV in Lower Saxony .

In the Battle of Flarchheim (January 27, 1080), Magdeburg citizens fought on the side of the anti-king Rudolf. When the following year (February 1081), after Rudolf had fallen in the battle of Hohenmölsen , the clerical and secular princes who were in the uprising against King Heinrich met in the Kaufunger Wald on the Weser , Archbishop Hartwig was among them.

Four years later (January 20, 1085) he appears in the Thuringian village of Berkach , where delegates from the parties of Pope Gregory and Heinrich wanted to resolve the papal and imperial schism . After this meeting was unsuccessful, Heinrich ordered the legates of the antipope Clement III. to announce a synod in Mainz , but Gregor's legacy, Otto , anticipated this by sending his followers to Quedlinburg in April 1085 . Hartwig had also appeared here, with his suffragans . At the Quedlinburg Synod, Heinrich IV was banned by 14 bishops, including Bucco (Burchard) von Halberstadt and Hartwig, along with his followers. Heinrich for his part had two legates of Pope Clemens, the bishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne and 16 other bishops of Mainz destroy the ruling of the Quedlinburg assembly, depose Archbishop Hartwig and all other clergy as a heretic and put the curse on them. When he went to Saxony to carry out this judgment, the rival king Hermann von Salm and his followers fled to Denmark. In the first days of July 1085, Henry IV himself moved to Saxony with an army and set up camp in front of Magdeburg.

A short time later he and his entourage also came to the city, where they received a royal welcome.

As a result, when Hartwig had left his archbishopric and went to Denmark , Heinrich put Abbot Hartwig von Hersfeld in his place . The Halberstadt monastery also received a new bishop: Hamazo. But no sooner had Heinrich parted his army than new unrest broke out in Saxony and forced him to withdraw. Now Hartwig, who had fled, came back to Magdeburg with the anti-king, drove away the anti-bishop and took a lively interest in the other endeavors of his party against the emperor.

In the following year (1086) he moved with the opponents of Heinrich against the imperial troops to Franconia, where the Magdeburg citizens took part in the battle of Bleichfeld not far from Würzburg . But after a mainstay of the Saxon party, Margrave Ekbert , had (temporarily) made his peace with Heinrich IV and a main opponent of Heinrich, Bishop Burchard von Halberstadt (Bucco), was fatally wounded in Goslar (d. April 7, 1088), was reconciled Hartwig also got out with the Kaiser.

In August 1088 he was mentioned in a document in the company of the emperor, and with his consent, Margrave Ekbert, who had again raised his arms against the emperor, was ostracized on the day at Quedlinburg. Pope Urban II even warned the archbishop to take the side of Emperor Heinrich, while the latter expressed his thanks for the loyalty he had shown up to now and hoped for further support from him in his cause.

Nothing is reported about Hartwig's further participation in general political events in Germany: Hartwig was politically sidelined. The later news relates only to performing spiritual acts. In the year 1100 (February 5th) an important donation was made to the Archbishopric. The goods at Schweinfurt, Rheinfeld, Königshofen and Gleichen, which formerly belonged to Margravine Beatrix, daughter of the Swabian Duke Otto, were given to the Archbishopric by a noble man, perhaps her son, with certain consideration, but this property does not seem to have stayed with the Archdiocese for long.

Under Hartwig von Spanheim, the first coins of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg were minted, which explicitly mention the name of the Archbishop (HARTVIGVS).

Archbishop Hartwig was buried in Magdeburg Cathedral.

literature

• Friedrich Hausmann : The Counts of Ortenburg and their male ancestors, the Spanheimers in Carinthia, Saxony and Bavaria, as well as their subsidiary lines , published in: Ostbairische Grenzmarken - Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde, No. 36, Passau 1994 (p. 9 -62).
• Heinz Dopsch : The founders came from the Rhine. The Spanheimers as donors of St. Paul. In: Johannes Grabmayer, Günther Hödl (ed.): Treasury of Carinthia. State exhibition St. Paul 1991. 900 years of the Benedictine monastery. Klagenfurt 1991, pp. 43-67.
• Berent Schwineköper:  Hartwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 12 ( digitized version ).
• Karl Janicke:  Hartwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 719 f.
• Friedrich Wilhelm Ebelin: The German bishops until the end of the sixteenth century. Verlag Otto Wiegand, Leipzig, 1858, 2nd volume, pp. 10-12 ( online ).
• Heinrich Rathmann: History of the city of Magdeburg from its first emergence up to current times. Verlag Johann Adam Creutz, Magdeburg 1800, 1st vol. Pp. 211-234 ( online ).

Web links

• Hartwig in the CERL Thesaurus
• Gustav Hertel / Friedrich Hülße: History of the City of Magdeburg , Magdeburg 1885 (two volumes)

predecessor	Office	successor
Werner von Steusslingen	Archbishop of Magdeburg 1079–1102	Heinrich I of Assel