Hattstedtermarsch (Koog)
In addition to the municipality of the same name, Hattstedtermarsch refers to a Koog northwest of the neighboring Geestrand municipality of Hattstedt in the district of North Friesland in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein . The layouts of the two areas are not identical. The marshland area described in this article also contains parts of the field markers of the neighboring communities of Struckum , Almdorf , Bohmstedt and Ahrenshöft . The municipal area mentioned, however, also extends to the areas of the neighboring Hattstedter Neuen Kooges and parts of the Beltringharder Kooges .
The historical name (until 1803) of the Koog was Hattstedter Alter Koog . It is located in the catchment area of the Arlau River , which is dammed for almost its entire length in the marshland to protect the low-lying land from flooding.
topography
The Hattstedter Alter Koog is located at the southern end of the large North Frisian Marsch landscape . The Arlau flows through it in an east-west direction. The area is very sparsely populated and is bordered in the north and east by the Husum-Bredstedter Geest , a sub-area of the extensive Schleswig Geest , on the southern edge by the terminal moraines of the Schobüller Geest with the main town of Hattstedt.
history
prehistory
The history of the Hattstedtermarsch goes back to the dike in Arlaubucht. The Hattstedter Alter Koog , which today bears the name of the municipality , was wrested from the sea in the second half of the 15th century. A short time later, in 1500, the Hattstedter Neuer Koog was dyed (also known as the Nordkoog due to its location to the older settlement area).
However, the first settlement activities in the then largely unsealed marsh bay in front of the eponymous Geestrandsiedlung Hattstedt took place earlier. Today it is assumed that Anglo-Saxons were already farming in this area before the 5th century.
Due to floods in the course of the Flanders Transgression , in pre-Christian times this area was also successively flooded with sediment deposits on the coast. At that time the Hattstedtermarsch was a sea bay (the Arlaubucht) reaching far into the country, which was consequently regarded as an extremely favorable area for the formation of the march.
The economic use of the lowlands by the Anglo-Saxons in the 3rd – 4th centuries. Century AD initially took place from the Geestrand. They mainly used the land as grazing land. Even then, several dune hills pierced the marshland and thus offered the first starting points for settlement activities at an early stage.
In the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons finally emigrated to the west. In the Netherlands, they mixed with parts of the upper class of the Frisians living there on the coast. Expelled by the Franconian Empire, which expanded up to the 8th century, the descendants of the early settlers came back to the North Frisian area. Even later, other Frisians were added, who at the time were valued by the politically responsible as experts in dealing with marshland. Only from this moment (around 1200 AD) could there be talk of a real settlement of the march.
The first permanent settlements were mainly to be found on the dune hill and raised bank edges. In order to protect the living spaces, the living spaces were also secured by earthworks and dykes. The main purpose of the first dykes was to create elevated connecting routes between the settlements. With the amphibious beach in front of the amphibious beach, the high-rise march made it unnecessary to have full dikes. The areas were only flooded when the water levels were high and therefore extremely rarely.
The most decisive event was the so-called First Grote Mandränke in 1362. The natural barrier against flooding was destroyed and Arlaubucht thus opened. On the other hand, more alluvial material was deposited here with every tide. The natural mouth of the Arla, which was in the area of today's Jelstrom estuary , increasingly silted up . A new artificial river bed was required to ensure the drainage of the land, which was necessary for economic use.
Embankment
In the middle of the 15th century, a dike in this area was considered. The stretch of land in this area had reached a height that made it possible to completely dike. At the time of the dike there are divergent views. Based on historical sources, some assume that the construction of the dike was finished in 1478. But this is being questioned by the North Frisian local researcher Alber Panten . He takes the view that the dike must have been closed earlier. According to this, the dyke construction work must have been in progress as early as the 1460s. He argues that this would fit better into the overall historical-political context. This is justified with the fact that at that time Christian I of Oldenburg had been elected ruler of Schleswig and Holstein and he was very interested in the land reclamation, which promised him high and permanent tax income.
The former dyke line, now only recognizable through various streets, runs from the Geestrand near Wallsbüll , a district of Struckum, initially in a south-westerly direction. Then it bends south and crosses the Arlau. South of the river, it continues westward over Altendeich . At the end of it, it bends southeast towards Sterdebüll and continues from there to the Geestrand near Wobbenbüll.
The Koog counts with his Eindeichungsjahr one of the oldest polders in former district Husum .
Drainage and settlement
The drainage of this low-lying area was very problematic from the start. Despite the relocation of the Arlau river bed, a large part of the drainage still takes place via this river. This applies in particular to the lands in the northern area and the Easter march. The southern ones are drained today via the Jelstrom. Until the Beltringharder Koog was built, both flowed directly into the North Sea. Today, in Beltringharder Koog to the west, the Arlau reservoir is the collection point for the water from both receiving waters before it flows through the Holmer Siel into the North Sea. The Deich- und Hauptsielverband Arlau is responsible for the management of the dykes and rivers .
A large part of the area was already settled before the full dike. Of this, even today testify the numerous located in Koog mounds . The most powerful examples of this are Lundenberg , Herstum and Groß-Ellerbüll . After the embankment, further settlement areas were added along the dyke lines. Such an example is u. a. the district of Altendeich .
use
The Hattstedter Alter Koog was primarily diked to reclaim land. To date, most of it is agriculturally cultivated. Grassland farming dominates, with the boom in bioenergy production in recent years also increasing maize cultivation. In the section north of the Arlau, which is part of the municipalities of Struckum and Almdorf , market fruits are often grown.
In addition, the area of the old Hattstedter Kooges was and is also a settlement area. However, since it is an outdoor area in terms of building law, progress in this regard is only possible to a very limited extent, if at all.
In the last few years tourism, as in the neighboring Kögen, has shown a positive development opportunity. The rental of holiday apartments in particular plays a dominant role here. Historically valuable properties have also been partially sold to non-residents, who in many cases will keep the building and use the building as a second home. In addition, canoe tourism is actively marketed on the Arlau .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Kunz, Harry and Albert Panten: Die Köge Nordfrieslands Nordfriisk Instituut , Bredstedt 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5 , p. 47
- ^ AG Chronik der Hattstedtermarsch: Chronik der Hattstedtermarsch , Verlag Nordfriisk Instituut, Bredstedt, 1985, ISBN 3-88007-131-4 , p. 18f
literature
- Kunz, Harry and Albert Panten: Die Köge Nordfrieslands Nordfriisk Instituut, Bredstedt 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5 , p. 47
- AG Chronik der Hattstedtermarsch: Chronik der Hattstedtermarsch Nordfriisk Instituut, Bredstedt / Bräist 1985, ISBN 3-88007-131-4
Coordinates: 54 ° 33 ′ 26 ″ N , 9 ° 1 ′ 2 ″ E