Hagdorn House

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House at Hagdorn in Hilden

The Hagdorn house stood in Hilden at Benrather Strasse 1 until 1980 .

The homestead "am Hagdorn"

Middle Ages to Reformation

The name “am Hagdorn” was linked to the fact that the farm was surrounded by a hawthorn hedge that bordered the village in the west towards the Itter . The homestead and the house "am Hagdorn" are among the most historic settlement areas in Hilden.

The name first appears in the camp and retirement register of Hilden feudal bearer Wilhelm Quade, which was created in 1530, in which "dat: Smeittengutt an dem Haedoern" is mentioned. In the following decades we encountered the spelling "am (ahm) Haldorn (Haldorne)", until from 1597 the form "am (ahm) Hagdorn" prevailed.

The house was inhabited:

  • 1554 married by Henrich am Haldorne to Nesa im Haen;
  • from 1563 by Wilhelm im Haen and his son;
  • from 1579 Thoenis ahm Haldorn;
  • 1592 Rutger ahm Haldorn;
  • 1597 to 1600 Caspar ahm Hagdorn,
  • Caspar ahm Hagdorn and his wife Coen (Kunigunde) gave up their house and farm on April 17, 1600 in favor of Dietherich Schmit ahm Iser.

Reformation to pre-industrial times

In the years 1611–1614, the farmer, lay judge , clerk and mayor in Hilden Anton zu den Hülsen (Hüls, Hulsius) (1575–1640) acquired the house and estate "am Hagdorn" on the western edge of the village. From then on he chose it to be his domicile. He was married (before September 20, 1593) to the originally Catholic Katharina von Venne († 1628), whom he caused to convert to the Reformed denomination. Anton zu den Hülsen died in 1640. In him, the supporters of the Reformation in Hilden lost one of their most energetic champions.

Antonius Hulsius

Their five children were: 1) the Protestant reformed historian Heinrich (Henricus) Hüls (* 1593 in Hilden; † October 17, 1673 in Hilden). 2) Wilhelm Hüls (born September 8, 1598 in Hilden; † April 6, 1659 in Wesel ). He became a reformed theologian, praeses and writer, from 1628 pastor in Wesel. 3) Adolf Hüls (* around 1605; † before 1633). 4) Antonius Hüls (* 1615 in Hilden; † February 27, 1685 in Leiden ), called Anton Hüls the Younger. Antonius Hüls, who later became a German philologist and Reformed theology professor at the University of Leiden , married Agnes Elisabeth Rumpf in January 1645 in The Hague and had 10 children with her, of which only 4 sons survived. 5) Gudgen Judith (* around 1610, † after 1665).

From then on, the house and estate "am Hagdorn" remained Hülsenscher property for a century and - like the " Haus auf der Bech " inhabited by the Hoffs - a stronghold of Calvinism in Hilden. The meeting of the 84th Bergisch Provincial Synod took place in the house “am Hagdorn” on April 21 and 22, 1654.

After the peace treaty of the Thirty Years' War of 1648, which raised the " cuius regio, eius religio " to the state principle in the German lands , those forces also strengthened in the Jülich-Berg duchies who were working towards a Counter-Reformation . In the parishes of Hilden and Haan, the residents of which had mostly turned to Calvinism, the counter-Reformation tendencies were reinforced by the fact that the Archbishop of Cologne was the landlord in both communities . So it came about that the local families, who until now without exception had provided the candidates for the mayor's office and the clerk's service, were gradually excluded from it. As a result of this development, the most gifted children in Hilden families had to emigrate and try their luck where these obstacles did not exist for them. In 1668 Antonius Hüls, preacher at Breda, had sold his inheritance shares in the Hagdorn estate to his brother Heinrich (Henricus) zu den Hüls.

On January 8, 1715, the estate was transferred to Wilhelm Schlechtenthal, who lived in Haan, “for about 3300 thalers”. We do not know what reasons prompted the Haaner buyer to purchase the property. In any case, he seems to have sold it again soon, because we already encounter Johann Wülffing as the new owner in the Hilden tax list of 1724/25. When a few years later, on January 8, 1731, the residents of Hilden and Haan began to pay homage to the Hagdorn estate, "Widow Cölsch ahm Hagdorn and her then underage son Johannes Abraham (* ~ 1720)" were entered in the list of homage to the Hagdorn estate. He studied at the University of Duisburg from 1739 to 1740.

The heiress Anna Maria Cölsch am Hagdorn was married to Theodor Bongard (also Bongardt, Bungart) the Elder (baptized June 23, 1709 in Hilden; † February 6, 1759 in Solingen ), a son of David Bongard (born April 19, 1667 in Mettmann ; † December 3, 1736 in Hilden ) and Elisabeth Klein (baptized February 5, 1674 in Mettmann; † August 9, 1712 in Hilden). In the tax lists of 1777/83 we encounter “Wilhelm Cölsch heirs on Hagdorn, widow Bongardt” as taxpayers.

Theodor Bongard's older brother, Johann Wilhelm Bongard (* around 1715 in Hilden; † July 16, 1781 in Amsterdam ), went to Amsterdam as a merchant. He called himself there Joan Willem Bongard. He became prosperous there. But he remained connected to Hilden and in 1766 gave the Reformed community in Hilden “the necessary funds of 1200 Reichstalers” to build a poor house . This imposing half-timbered house " Kückeshaus " with cellar still stands today on the corner of Eisengasse 2 and Schwanenstrasse 12 and is a monument .

After Theodor Bongard the Elder's death, the estate “am Hagdorn” went to his brother Joan Willem, who lived in Amsterdam.

Theodor Bongard the Elder's son, Theodor Bongard the Younger (baptized on June 5, 1759, reformed in Hilden; † May 8, 1834 in Hilden), bought the estate "am Hagdorn" from his uncle Joan Willem. Theodor Bongard the Younger and his brother Johann Wilhelm the Younger (baptized on December 26, 1752 in Hilden) later went to Amsterdam and took over the business of their uncle Joan Willem there. Johann Wilhelm, like many other wealthy Amsterdam residents , was also involved in the Felix Meritis Society , whose building can still be found on the Keizersgracht today.

"Hagdorn House" with turret

Pre-industrial times

Theodor Bongard the Younger returned to Hilden and had the "Hagdorn House" with its playful turret rebuilt between 1820 and 1830 as the first stone house in Hilden. Since March 1, 1810, he has also owned the former manor Horst . He was in Hilden with Anna Gertrud Leven zu Hummelster (baptized November 18, 1780 in Hilden; † May 27, 1821 in Hilden) and married her on June 26, 1815.

Their daughter Anna Elisabeth Bongard-Horst (baptized on July 12, 1806 in Hilden; † January 11, 1875 in Düsseldorf) married Karl Reichsfreiherr von Maercken zu Geerath on November 23, 1828 (* July 25, 1799 in Ratingen; † October 19 1877 in Cologne). The family lived in 1840 with the three children Auguste (born August 26, 1828), Egolf (born November 15, 1830 in Hilden, † June 20, 1894 in Niederspay ), Erwine (born April 30, 1832 in Hilden; † April 17 1909 in Siegburg ), as well as a tutor, a teacher, a cook, a caretaker, a servant, a gardener and a maid the Hagdorn house. In 1834 they inherited the Horst manor and Hagdorn house from Theodor Bongard the Younger. Already in 1839 Karl Freiherr von Maercken had sold the manor Horst, inherited from his father-in-law Theodor Bongard the Younger, to Friedrich Spieker.

The daughter Erwine Maria Hubertine Freiin von Maercken zu Geerath married Jakob Freiherr Raitz von Frentz auf Garrath (born May 30, 1826 in Cologne, † September 26, 1884 in Koblenz) in Düsseldorf on July 27, 1854 in his second marriage.

Hagdorn house as the headquarters of the textile company Kampf & Spindler

Company founder Johann Wilhelm Kampf (1799–1875)

When Johann Wilhelm Kampf (* 1799 in Elberfeld; † August 10, 1875 in Hilden) moved his factory for black semi-silk goods from Elberfeld to Hilden in 1848 , he had already acquired the Hagdorn house with its beautiful, old park from Baron von Maercken in 1847. It offered him enough space for his home and business. Hagdorn House became the Hilden parent company of the textile company Kampf & Spindler , later Paul-Spindler-Werke.

The family of his son Ernst Wilhelm Kampf (* October 4, 1830 in Elberfeld † March 27, 1877 in Sanremo ) also lived in the Hagdorn house. Emilie (born August 2, 1837) b. Spindler, Ernst Wilhelm Kampf's widow, lived in the Hagdorn house until 1887. She sold it on May 20, 1887 to the Wülfrath Kommerzienrat Friedrich Wilhelm Herminghaus the Elder (born April 8, 1826 in Wülfrath; † June 28, 1907 in Wülfrath). Friedrich Wilhelm Herminghaus the Elder joined the company Gressard & Co. with a say.

His son Friedrich Wilhelm Herminghaus the Younger (born March 16, 1856 in Wülfrath; † July 30, 1929 in Hilden) lived with his family in the Hagdorn house until 1909. He remodeled it. In 1898/99, however, the retired Hilden main teacher Peter Herrenbrück and the factory director Hermann Jacoby can also be identified as roommates.

On March 4, 1908, Friedrich Wilhelm Herminghaus the Younger and his brother Carl Hermann Herminghaus (born January 12, 1859 in Wülfrath, † July 25, 1917 in Remscheid-Lüttringhausen) sold all of Gressard's property - including the Hagdorn house to Bernhard Weddigen, Partner in the Hofwagenfabrik Scheurer & Cie., Düsseldorf. He was a relative of Mrs. Clara (1867-1948 née Weddigen) of Friedrich Wilhelm Herminghaus.

In 1911/12 the house served Hagdorn August Steinfartz, the manager of the Gressard u. Comp., As an apartment. In 1911 it was bought by the Jewish businessman Siegmund Salomon Kaufmann (born November 13, 1867 in Hilden; † March 21, 1935 in Hilden), who then lived in it for decades. Siegmund Salomon Kaufmann was the son of the grocer Jonas Kaufmann (* 1839 in Dormagen ; † 1915 in Hilden), whose renovated house, Hilden Mittelstrasse 7-9, is still standing today.

Hagdorn House during the Nazi era

When the persecution of Jews in Germany reached its first climax on the night of the pogrom from November 9th to 10th, 1938, the owner of the "House of Hagdorn", the widow Erna Kaufmann, née. Löwenstein (born December 23, 1883 in Levern , † May 23, 1943 in Sobibór ) in Unna . Her sons Carl (born February 24, 1908 in Hilden) and Werner (born March 9, 1913 in Hilden) had already emigrated from the Netherlands to the USA in June.

The measures taken by the central office "made it possible" to completely eliminate Jews from German business life in Hilden by 1939 and to "transfer" the remaining Jewish property to German hands in return for a compensation. As early as a council meeting on December 12, 1938, it was decided that the property of the widow Erna Kaufmann should be claimed for the city. There were several interested parties for the Hagdorn house, according to the Hilden local group of the NSDAP, which intended to accommodate all of its offices in the “manor house”; or the city administration, which was looking for a representative apartment for the commander of the flak division barracked in Hilden at the end of 1938; or the Hagdorn house as the location of a “house of community”; or finally, as a private applicant, the manufacturer Paul Spindler, who wished to combine the Hilden headquarters of his company with his adjoining property. Finally, an agreement was reached that the company Kampf & Spindler acquired the "rear part of the garden with a size of about 1100 square meters" and the municipality of Hilden acquired "the rest of the land with the buildings standing up". The purchase contract was notarized on June 27, 1939 before the Benrath notary August Coenen. From the proceeds of 44,000 Reichsmarks , Erna Kaufmann would have remained as much as 831 Reichsmarks after deducting the Reich flight tax and legal fees.

World War II broke out on September 1, 1939, even before all legal formalities were completed .

The war initially ruined all plans for the use of the Hagdorn house. Initially, the city's welfare office found a place to stay when it had to vacate its previous office in Mittelstrasse 42 in favor of a military formation.

From the beginning of June 1940, all departments of the city's food and economy office were relocated to Hagdorn House. They took up the whole building. This is where the people of Hilden picked up their food stamps during the war.

Hagdorn House, post-war period, demolition

Stumbling block Erna Kaufmann
Hagdorn House 1955
Hagdorn House 1979

After the war, the city of Hilden had to return the Hagdorn house to Erna Kaufmann due to the restitution laws that were passed. However, the widow did not live to see this “reparation” because she was murdered in 1943 in the Sobibor extermination camp . A stumbling block has been in memory of the previous owner of the Hagdorn house since 2007 .

After the management measures were lifted on February 15, 1950, the Hagdorn house was returned to Erna Kaufmann's sons, who sold it to Erna Schönmackers. From 1953 she ran the “Schönmackers Textilmoden” shop in the southern half of the house. It later included “fashion news” and the “papillon” boutique. The Güttes women's salon was in the northern shop, later the Block hairdresser. In the end there was a record store called "Miss Music" in the shop.

In the neighboring house to the south, the health department and Dr. Dietz a.

In 1979 the city of Hilden bought the Hagdorn house at Benrather Strasse 1 and the neighboring houses at Klotzstrasse 2-4. As part of the redesign of Fritz-Gressard-Platz and the construction of the Steinhäuser Center, the Hagdorn house was to be demolished. The planned demolition in 1980 led to collections of signatures and the only major demonstration in Hilden. The first resistance was already evident in Hilden in the autumn of 1978. A “Self-administered Youth Center Initiative” was founded in the mid-1970s with the aim of promoting subcultural leisure activities and counteracting the displacement of non-commercial freedom for young people. The discrepancy between the construction of a new town hall for the established culture and the planned demolition of the nearby Haus Hagdorn building, which could have been used as a self-administered youth center, had exacerbated the conflict over the use of inner-city space. On October 28, 1978 there was a protest. Around 250 young people protested against its use with a "festival" on the square in front of the new town hall. They opposed the official culture held in the town hall with their idea of ​​culture, for which they called for a youth center. When in the summer of 1980 a further step in the implementation of the development plan no. 67 - the demolition of the historically significant group of houses at Klotzstrasse 2-4, including the Hagdorn house - they announced a demonstration for August 2, 1980. The demonstration moved through the city center, which was attended by around 150 people. It went without incident. Even when some young people occupied the houses 2-4 in Klotzstrasse, the police did not intervene, nor did the city, as the owner, file a criminal complaint. With the demonstrative squatting, the young people's primary concern was to make the public aware of the impending demolition. The squatters hoped to be able to prevent the demolition by persuading them. Neither representatives of the council nor the city administration got involved in a serious discussion of the occupiers' concerns; instead, the city manager threatened to report trespassing. On the same night from August 9th to 10th, 1980, the ten or so squatters left the houses due to a lack of response from the population. On September 12, 1980 the group of houses at Klotzstrasse 2-4 and the Hagdorn house were demolished.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Heinrich Strangmeier : Further news about the house "am Hagdorn" and its residents , In: Niederbergische contributions Sources and research on local history Niederbergs volume 28, Hüls research I., City archive Hilden Hilden 1974
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Tanja Schmidt-Mende: Hagdorn house fell despite protests , Rheinische Post September 25, 2002.
  3. ↑ Time track search, under: Gut und Haus "am Hagdorn"
  4. ↑ a b c Search for traces of time: Genealogy Hüls under Anton zu den Hülsen
  5. ^ Genealogy of the Hüls family
  6. ^ Anton Hüls / Katharina van Venne
  7. ^ Karl-Martin Obermeier: 125 years of the city of Hilden. 1000 years old , City of Hilden 1986 pp. 19–22.
  8. ^ A b c d Anton Schneider: Contributions to the history of Hilden and Haan. Hilden City Archives, 1900, p. 186.
  9. ↑ Johannes Abraham Cölsch Hildensis
  10. ↑ a b c d e Uwe Boelken: The families of the reformed community Hilden 1649–1809 , in: Niederbergische Posts, Volume 65, Hilden City Archives, Hilden 2002.
  11. ↑ De Maandelykse Nederlandsche Mercurius , 51.Deel , Van Juli tot December 1781, Amsterdam 1781, p. 30.
  12. ↑ Astrid Kierdorf: The poor house of the reformed community Hilden 1767-1809 (1825) , Niederbergische contributions, volume 59, Hilden city archive, Hilden 1993.
  13. ↑ CONELIS Covens: Algemeene Naamlyst the armies Leden van de Maatschappy Felix Meritis , Amsterdam 1,823th
  14. ↑ Time track search under Period: 19th and 20th centuries
  15. ↑ Justus Perthes : Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses , 63rd year, Gotha 1913, pp. 580-581
  16. ^ A b genealogy Erwine von Maercken zu Geerath
  17. ↑ Genealogy Erwine Freiin von Maercken zu Geerath ( Memento from May 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ^ Genealogy of Raitz von Frentz
  19. ↑ Elisabeth Weiß, Hildegard Spindler: History of the company Kampf & Spindler Hilden (Rhine), commemorative publication for the 50th anniversary of Mr. Paul Spindler's work , Hilden 1939.
  20. ^ Genealogy of the Herminghaus family
  21. ^ Genealogy of the Weddigen family
  22. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​working group in Hilden (Red.): Stones against forgetting - Stolpersteine ​​in Hilden , brochure, 2nd edition on the 75th anniversary of the Pogrom Night, Hilden 2013. PDF file in the Hilden geoportal
  23. ↑ Sebastian Brinkmann: Hilden: Escape ended in a concentration camp. In: Rheinische Post . February 2, 2007, accessed July 15, 2016 .
  24. ↑ Sebastian Haumann: Squatting in Hilden , Hildener Jahrbuch (New Series) Vol. 12 pp. 33–141, Hildener Stadtarchiv 2005.
  25. ^ Sebastian Haumann, Squatting 1980–1982 in Hilden: Possibilities of micro-research for the history of protest
  26. ↑ Gert P. Spindler : Restore , letter to the editor from Gert P. Spindler on the planned demolition of the Hagdorn house with a photo in its original form from the commemorative publication from 1939, Rheinische Post July 22, 1980 No. 167
  27. ^ City of Hilden, Building Department, Demolition Certificate No. 72/80 and No. 76/80 , StAH, folder "Haus Hagdorn"; and folder "Klotzstr."

Web links

Commons : Haus Hagdorn  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 2.2 ″  N , 6 ° 55 ′ 50.6 ″  E