House Horst (Hilden)

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Hilden-Haus Horst, tower of the former knight's castle
Hilden Haus Horst fountain
Blackboard on the remains of the wall

Haus Horst was originally a manor with a moated castle , which was built around 1250. It was between Düsseldorf - Benrath and Hilden in North Rhine-Westphalia . It was on the old Kölnische Landstrasse Strata coloniensis .

Since the counts and later dukes of Berg also claimed this area of ​​the right Rhineland as their sovereign territory, there were repeated disputes between Berg and the Archbishop of Cologne . These mainly concerned Hilden and Haan, but at times also Haus Horst. The residents of the two wisdoms were particularly affected , as both authorities frequently demanded services and taxes from them.

Knight of the Horst in the Middle Ages, 12th to 14th centuries

One of the first documentary evidence of a noble von Horst family comes from 1224. In a document from Cologne Archbishop Engelbert I , a Theodericus de Horst is mentioned as a witness.

Further evidence for the members of the von Horst nobility are documented as free knights for:

  • 1224 Knight Dietrich von Horst
  • 1241 Knight Theodorich von der Horst
  • 1263 Knight Rütger von der Horst
  • 1290 Werner von der Horst, Droste von Berg
  • 1290 & 1296 knight Heinrich von Horst, parish administrator of Hilden
  • 1363 Knight Balduin von der Horst, forest count of the Richrather Gemark
  • 1372 Junker Conrad III. von der Horst (the elder)

Until then, the fiefdom of Haus Horst and the Hoflehen Hilden-Haan were separate fiefs. In 1372, the then Archbishop Friedrich III. of Cologne both parishes of Hilden and Haan to Gerhard Kraft von Elverfeldt as a fiefdom Gerhard Kraft died in 1403.

Joint fiefdom of the Horst House and the Hilden-Haan parishes in the 15th century

After the death of Gerhard Kraft in 1404 the Cologne Archbishopric under Friedrich III. von Saar became the Horst family and the court fief of the two parishes of Hilden and Haan to the squire Konrad IV von der Horst (the younger ones). He was married to Gerhard Kraft's daughter Ida. The two fiefdoms remained together until the property separation in 1690, but were considered separately. The fiefdom text read: “1404, Jan. 19. Saturday after Antoniustag zu Fritzstromen (Zons) in our castle Archbishop Friedrich von Köln gives Konrad van der Horst himself and all his agreements the court Hilden, as it has been Dyederich (Dietrich Wilhelm Elverfeldt the father of Kraft) and Kraft von Elverfeldt (Konrad's father-in-law). Copy 15th century Pap. No 131 ”.

In return, Konrad IV von der Horst (the younger) had to declare his knight seat Haus Horst, which was known as the old "Cologne fiefdom", to be the open house of the Archbishop, i.e. grant him the right to occupy it militarily if necessary - except against the Duke from mountain. The previous fiefdom of the Cologne residents was clearly part of the possession of the Archbishop of Cologne. From then on it was no longer a free manor.

Haus Horst was originally a male fief , which meant that it was only inherited in the male line.

In 1501 Konrad IV von der Horst (the younger) died. He was the last male bearer of the name of the von der Horst family. Since Konrad IV von der Horst (the younger) married to Ida, born Elverfeld, had no male offspring, the fief came through daughter Adriane when she married in 1498 to her husband Bertram von Plettenberg (* around 1470/77; † 1522). Since no male heirs emerged from this marriage, Haus Horst then passed on to daughter Elisabeth († around 1541/48) to her husband Wilhelm von Quade zu Wickrath († around 1562). The fiefdoms were therefore inherited in the female line like a kunkelle fiefdom .

Gift from Nideggen

Wilhelm Quade's daughter, Agnes Quade the elder, signed a marriage contract with Otto Schenk von Nideggen zu Vorst († 1601) on November 10, 1548 , but the marriage (Otto's first marriage) in Düsseldorf did not follow until 1555. It was from 1562 until 1600 feudal lord of Haus Horst and the parishes of Hilden-Haan. They had two sons and four daughters. However, the sons died early: Heinrich drowned in the dysentery in 1588 , Otto died in France in 1587. The eldest daughter, Agnes the younger, married Werner von Galen zu Muchhausen (near Rommerskirchen ). Both lived on Haus Vorst near Leichlingen . The second daughter Anna († 1638) was married to Robert Staël von Holstein zu Heisingen .

When her mother Agnes the Elder died in 1571, Otto Schenk von Nideggen married Anna von Plettenberg in his second marriage. Their children were named Robert (Roland), Johann Heinrich († 1638), and Marie.

Otto Schenk von Nideggen was now trying to secure the feudal rule for his sons from the second marriage.

Inheritance and property dispute from 1589

In 1589 an agreement was reached between Otto and his four daughters from their first marriage, in which they agreed that their step-siblings should be granted feudal rights to Horst and Hilden-Haan. The succession of the Horster fiefs and the Hilden-Haaner initially passed to the sons from the second marriage of Otto Schenk von Nideggen († 1601).

All parties involved initially agreed to this regulation, which excluded his daughters from his first marriage from the inheritance of the two Hilden fiefdoms. But it turned out to be fatal. From 1592 the descendants of the family Agnes der Jüngeren Schenk von Nideggen († 1602) and their husband Werner von Galen as well as the families of their sister Anna née sued against the renunciation of inheritance of the female line. Schenk von Nideggen and her husband Robert Staël von Holstein (Reformed line).

That was the beginning of the "Horster feudal dispute", which lasted from 1592 to 1796. He brought the knight's seat to the brink of ruin, as it soon assumed violent, even bitter forms. Werner von Galen rightly pointed out that female succession in Hilden had been common for generations. But with at least the same right, the other side (Schenk) stated that such an inheritance only occurred when there was no male heir, and then only with the archbishop's special approval. The oldest wisdom from 1386 stated that the Hilden-Haan fiefdom was a man's fief, and one could rightly refer to it.

Roland (Robert) Schenk von Nideggen († February 20, 1634), the eldest son from Otto Schenk von Nideggen's second marriage, moved to the Eifel and married Eva von Heyer for the first time, became a Catholic and thus founded the Catholic line of Schenk- Heyer, who was to reappear later in Hilden. But initially Roland was disinherited from his father Otto in a will due to an improper marriage except for a compulsory portion of 3500 thalers. Roland litigated against it and received 8,000 thalers through settlement. After the death of his brother-in-law Hieronimus von Heyer, Roland Schenk von Nideggen was transferred from his elderly father-in-law Ruprecht von Heyer (* around 1511; † June 12, 1611) to the Heyer house and farm near Borler ( Vulkaneifel ). In 1610 he was enfeoffed with Haus Heyer by Archbishop Ernst of Bavaria .

However, shortly after Otto's death, Roland's younger brother Johann Heinrich Schenk von Nideggen († 1638) inherited the Hilden-Haan fiefdom. After his death, his son Otto Wilhelm Schenk von Nideggen (* 1636; † February 3, 1679 in Hilden) got the fief. He died without an heir. Roland Schenk von Nideggen, now bailiff of Densborn and father of a son, Hans Heinrich Schenk von Nideggen († 1690/91), married Anna Regina von Eltz († 1663 at Eltz Castle ) in 1629 as a second marriage .

The process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce has been passed on from generation to generation. Werner von Galen's place was replaced by his two sons-in-law Friedrich Wilhelm von der Reven and Eberhard von Bottlenberg-Kessel at Hackhausen Castle .

The succession and ownership were repeatedly challenged by the Reich Chamber of Commerce. In the interim judgment of 1682, the Reformed line was granted inheritance and property rights. Accordingly, the Bottlenberg-Kessel family received the entire complex.

When property was distributed in 1690, the Bottlenberg-Kessel family gave the Kurlehen Haus Horst with all accessories to their relatives from the Reven for free disposal. She kept for herself parts of the property that essentially came from the old Cologne court fiefdom Hilden-Haan. The court decision of 1682 marked the beginning of a separation of the fiefdoms Haus Horst and Hilden-Haan, which had been united since 1404. From then on, each part had its own story from now on.

The Archbishop's Chamber objected to the judgment of 1682 and further enfeoffed Hilden-Haan at its own discretion by falling back on the descendants of Roland Schenk von Nideggen, the Catholic Schenk-Heyer line. Hilden and Haan were enfeoffed in succession: the son of Roland Schenk von Nideggen, Hans Heinrich Schenk von Nideggen (beginning as feudal lord: L 1615), whose grandson Friedrich Anton d. J. and Felix Theodor (L 1689), then the son of Felix Theodor, Dietrich Heinrich (L 1707) and finally his brother Theodor Felix Schenk von Nideggen († 1748) (L 1728).

After the death of Theodor Felix Schenk von Nideggen, the Archdiocese of Cologne declared the two fiefs of Hilden and Haan to be defunct Catholic fiefs.

18th century

The owners of the manor Horst, the reformed line, remained in line. The family line of Agnes Schenck von Nideggen branched out into the family line von der Reven and into the family line von dem Bussche-Ippenburg called Kessel . The von der Reven family line included: Friedrich Wilhelm von der Reven, his son Jobst Maximilian von der Reven and his grandson Ambrosius Wilhelm Bernhardt von der Reven († 1724). Over time, the originally stately Horst estate became smaller and smaller through the separation of properties, assignments and sales.

As Ambrosius Wilhelm Bernhardt von der Reven led an adventurous travel life, he had incurred huge debts which prompted him to pledge the Horster properties to the Palatinate and Jülich-Bergische Hofkammer director Wilhelm Sebastian von Lemmen in return for a substantial loan. Baron von der Reven then died in 1724 “quite pauvre” in a hospice and left the Horst in the pawned property of the above-mentioned creditor. The pledge holder, Wilhelm Sebastian von Lemmen, finally received the property with all rights (and took a few more), but did not live there.

After the death of Herr von Lemmen, the inheritance was distributed among his four descendants. The unmarried daughter Franziska von Lemmen came into full possession of the Horst again through purchase. Franziska von Lemmen bequeathed the entire property to her two nieces Maria Theresia and Maria Anna von Ropertz, who also remained unmarried, on March 22, 1776. The ownership passed to the von Ropertz family.

19th century

When in 1801 the archbishopric of Cologne ceased to be a German electoral state and in 1803 the fiefs fell to the respective sovereign in whose territory they were located, Hilden passed as the Bergisches fiefdom to the Duke von Berg .

Owner Theodor Bongard; von Maercken; Spieker; Broker ring

Theodor Bongard the Younger (baptized June 5, 1759 in Hilden; † January 8, 1834 in Hilden) lived as a rich merchant in Amsterdam, later came back from there and lived in Hilden in Haus Hagdorn . On March 1st, 1810, he bought the castle house with some adjoining lands, hunting, forest and mill from the nieces of Ropertz.

Theodor Bongard the Younger was married to Anna Gertrud Leven (baptized November 18, 1780 in Hilden; † May 27, 1821). They bequeathed the possessions of Haus Horst and Haus Hagdorn to their daughter Anna Elisabeth Bongard (* July 12, 1806, † January 11, 1875). With her marriage on November 20, 1828 to Karl August Hubert Reichsfreiherr von Maercken zu Geerath (* July 10, 1799 in Ratingen, † October 18, 1877 in Cologne), the goods were transferred to von Maercken.

Baroness von Maercken-Geerath sold Haus Horst in 1840 to the miller and landowner Friedrich Spiecker zur Rohrsmühle, who lived in Unterbach . She kept Hagdorn House and the associated lands, which were then removed from the Horster property.

As early as 1842 Spieker sold to the Cologne merchant Jacob Joseph Haan, a member of a broker ring that bought and resold goods and land.

One year after this purchase, on August 6, 1843, the Horst estate lost the privileges of a manor due to repeated reductions in its area and became a normal estate. It was deleted from the list of knight seats eligible for state assembly. The owner of the house was no longer assigned to the manor of the Prussian state parliament solely on the basis of this property, as was previously the case. Haus Horst ceased to be a manor.

Owner Lieven; Klingelhöfer

In 1858 the broker ring dissolved. Haus Horst was drawn by lot with all its accessories to the member of the society, Heinrich Joseph Lieven from Gut Rodderhof near Brühl.

His son Wilhelm Ferdinand Lieven (born June 15, 1839 in Niederembt ; † August 9, 1902 in Düsseldorf) inherited all goods in and near Hilden in 1866, including the now largely dilapidated Haus Horst complex. Lieven first moved from Bavaria to Hilden, Mittelstrasse 41. Haus Horst was to become his residence. He first repaired the tower with cornice and dome from 1892 to 1893 and then had a mansion-like mansion built on the foundation walls of the old castle in which he lived. Wilhelm Ferdinand Lieven was first alderman for 18 years, city councilor and district deputy for 30 years. He also volunteered on numerous city committees. As a "benefactor" with great merit for the development of the city of Hilden, he was made an honorary citizen of Hilden on December 18, 1900 on the occasion of the inauguration of the new city ​​hall . Wilhelm Ferdinand Lieven bequeathed all of his forests with 188 ha 18 to 82 m² to the city of Hilden. It is today's city forest in the north-east of Hilden. On January 2, 1896, Wilhelm Ferdinand Lieven sold the Horster property for 400,000 marks to the Düsseldorf industrialist Gustav Klingelhöfer (born September 27, 1857 in Schleiden ; † March 17, 1918 in Düsseldorf) and only kept his forests and the Hilden Heath Eickertgut. Klingelhöfer was not satisfied with the villa that Lieven had just built. A significantly larger new building was built in 1896 on the foundations of the old moated castle according to plans by the Berlin architect Otto March . In addition, there was a well-kept park, and all of this created the opportunity to lead a representative, sociable life here. Gustav Klingelhöfer's son and heir Paul Klingelhöfer (born August 19, 1885 in Gerresheim ; † September 17, 1956 in Zurich ) lived in Zurich from 1928, while his mother Aurelie, nee. Poensgen , further on where Horst lived.

20th century

City of Hilden, demolition of the manor house

In March 1951, the city of Hilden acquired the associated farm yard with still existing 515 acres of agricultural land for 525,000 DM. It then designated the site as building land, developed and parceled it out in order to sell part of it to 3M soon afterwards . Horster Allee, which originally ran as a southerly continuation of Niedenstrasse, was de-dedicated, incorporated into the 3M factory premises and rebuilt further west.

Ingeborg Glasmacher (born October 27, 1909 in Düsseldorf; † January 29, 1978), Paul Klingelhöfer's daughter, who was married to Hugo Glasmacher (born January 26, 1899 in Solingen; † September 5, 1962), kept together with a community of heirs the mansion and the associated park, but moved to Düsseldorf a few years later. So the house was once again orphaned, and a slow onset of decay was inevitable.

The house and park made a name for themselves one last time when, in the spring of 1965, a hotelier who had moved in from outside appeared as a leaseholder who set up a restaurant and - supported by his son-in-law - opened a zoo, the Flamingo Park, as a special attraction Should serve as a transit station for the trade in exotic animals. This park attracted numerous visitors from near and far, but could only exist until November, as there were no conditions for the animals to overwinter. The entrepreneur disappeared by night and fog and left behind, besides a mountain of debts, T. precious animals in the care of the animal protection association. This last episode in the checkered history of the Horst family came to an inglorious end.

In 1967, the Klingelhöfer community of heirs also sold the demolished house with all remaining property to the Düsseldorf broker Jobst Müller-Jäger. A little later, however, Müller-Jäger sold it to Neue Heimat and Bremer Treuhand with a profit of 1.7 million DM. These in turn sold to a construction company. Theodor Bongard's mansion with Klingelhöfer's extensions was demolished in 1965. Only the tower with adjoining wall remains remained.

Haus Horst retirement home

Hilden-Haus Horst, senior residential home

On the site of the beautiful forest and meadow landscape, the first construction phase of the Haus Horst der Haus Lörick e. V. established.

According to the prospectus of the senior citizens' residential home Haus Horst, 300 spacious 1, 2 and 3-room apartments have been created here in the middle of a picturesque park, extensive lawns and walking paths. They are distributed over two residential wings around an inner courtyard. Further construction work was in progress in summer 2005. In 2006 the construction of an additional house for people in need of care was completed. In the interest of the around 360 residents who now reside here, it is to be hoped that peace and quiet have finally returned and that disputes no longer occur.

The Haus Horst residential monastery is now also a cultural place in Hildens. The Hilden participants from Jugend musiziert introduce themselves to a wider audience in the concert hall of Haus Horst right before the competition. At the opening concert for the Hilden Jazz Days , young and old meet in the park of the Haus Horst residential monastery. The sounds of the symphonic wind orchestra of the Hilden Music School attract the residents of the senior citizens' residential home in front of the pavilion in the park.  

Properties that belonged to the manor Haus Horst

Like the Hilden-Haan honors, Haus Horst belonged to the sphere of influence of the Cologne archbishops. The manor was given by the archbishop to a ministerial, Cologne nobility, as a fief .

As part of the feudal trials in 1599 and 1602, Haus Horst's possessions and income were precisely recorded and assessed.

Horster fiefdom

To the west of Hilden, near Benrath and the knight's seat of Garath Castle , stood the old moated castle and the Horster building yard in the Itteraue.

Knight Wilhelm Quade had the Horster Mühle (Lower Mill) (51 ° 09'29.9 "N 06 ° 54'37.3" E) built on the Itter north of Haus Horst in 1540.

The Steinhof (51 ° 09'37.4 "N 06 ° 54'43.4 E") belonged to the Horster fiefdom as a lease. On later maps, the area is shown as the restaurant “Zum Jägerhaus” or “Manerts Penn” from 1822 onwards. After the restaurant building was demolished, the area at the corner of Düsseldorfer Strasse 160 and Niedenstrasse, opposite the 3M factory premises, was built with single-family houses in 2015.

Hilden-Haaner honors

The Fronhof (Fronhoff) (Hilden Unterstadt around Mittelstraße, Benrather Straße) and Hof zum Hoeffe, (Hilden Hofstraße) belonged directly to the Hilden-Haaner fiefdom.

The Holterhöfchen ring wall was added to the manor in 1056 . The fields belonging to the farm were the corridors of Kuhlerfeld and Pungskamp. The area was later referred to in the trial files as the Oberster Mühlenhof with the book mill.

In Haan the farm belonged to Haan (Hoff zue Haen), next to the church to the feudal area.

The seven homesteads together comprised 613 ½ acres of agricultural land, 78 acres of hay and pasture land, 28 acres of houses, courtyard, orchards and vegetable gardens.

Groves

At that time, 1178 acres of forest (Lehnbusche and Junkerholz) belonged to the fiefdom of Haus Horst. There were forests in the north-east of Hilden, the remains of which were later bequeathed to the city of Hilden by Wilhelm Ferdinand Lieven.

Ten honors

In addition to the feudal estates, there were the ten-paying honors with their arable land as sources of income. They were Hilden and Haaner farms that were subject to tax.

A large part of the former farms and hamlets in today's Hilden can only be recognized by street names derived from them.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ goods and courtyards in Benrath and environment . Series of the Archives of the home community wholesale Benrath eV - Issue No. 9 First published in November 1990 -With contributions from: Inge Lackinger, Maria Lampenscherf, Otto Flämig, Theo Fühles, Peter Müller, Klaus Jürgen Schwenzer and Wolfgang Theisen. Heimatarchiv Benrath Archive of the Heimatgemeinschaft Groß-Benrath eV (publisher)
  2. ^ A b c d Anton Schneider: Contributions to the history of Hilden and Haan. Hilden City Archives, 1900, p. 186.
  3. ↑ a b c d Time track search : Haus Horst with picture and map by Erich Philipp Ploennies from 1715
  4. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cologne, Certificate No. 904 , 1846, Volume 2, p. [576] 538. Digitized edition ULB Bonn
  5. ↑ Time track search : Haus Horst under Period: 12th to 14th century
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Wolfgang Wennig: Hilden yesterday and today , Hilden City Archives 1977
  7. ^ Archbishop Friedrich von Köln grants the Conrait van der Horst and his agreements feudal rights
  8. ↑ Time track search : Haus Horst under period: 15th century
  9. ^ A b c Searching for time traces : Haus Horst under Period: 16th to 18th century
  10. ↑ a b Graefenhof as pledge possession of the von Plettenberg zu Horst
  11. ^ Heinrich Ferber : History of the Schenk von Nydeggen family, in particular the war chief Martin Schenk von Nydeggen , Schwann, Cologne and Neuss 1860, p. 42f.
  12. ^ Peter Haubrich: House, courtyard and chapel Heyer , Bonifacius-Druckerei, Paderborn 1878, p. 6f.
  13. ^ Ferdinand Wilhelm Emil Roth : History of the Lords and Counts of Eltz, with special consideration of the line from the Golden Lion to Eltz , Volume 2, Mainz 1890, pp. 31, 34f.
  14. ↑ Inheritance dispute between the heirs of Otto Schenck von Nideggen from his 1st marriage to Anna (Agnes) Quadt against the heirs from the 2nd marriage to Anna von Plettenberg, signatures 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884 AA 002
  15. ↑ a b Searching for time traces : Haus Horst under Period: 19th to 20th century
  16. ^ A b Heinrich Strangmeier : Further news about the house "am Hagdorn" and its residents , in: Niederbergische Posts, Volume 28, Hüls-Forschungen I, Peters, Hilden 1974, pp. 344-360.
  17. ↑ In: Hand-Martrikel of the knightly estates represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments . 1857, Karl F. Rauer (Ed.), P. [436] 424. Online version
  18. ↑ a b Rheinische Post series: I was once a moated castle, villa, residential monastery ; RP 6 September 2011
  19. ^ Website Haus Lörick eV Wohnstift Haus Horst
  20. ^ A b c Heinrich Strangmeier, Elisabeth Kraut: Agricultural historical sources of Hilden and the surrounding area, mainly from the 17th century, Hilden town archive 1976
  21. ↑ Steinhof-Zum Jägerhaus-Manerts Penn
  22. ^ Honesties of the parish Hilden

literature

  • Horst mansion near Benrath . In: Leaves for Architecture and Crafts . 17th year 1904. p. 34 and panels 45 and 46 .
  • Klaus-Günther Conrads: From the Horst manor to the senior citizens' residential complex . In: Journal 12 . Yearbook of the Mettmann district 1992/1993. S. 6-11 .
  • Friedrich Everhard von Mering : History of the castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland and the provinces of Jülich, Cleve, Berg and Westphalen. 3rd issue, Cologne 1836, pp. 112–115.

Web links

Commons : Haus Horst  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 23.5 "  N , 6 ° 54 ′ 26.2"  E