Hawk Eye
Hawk-Eye ( dt. Falkenauge ) is a computerized system for tracking ball sports, such as in cricket , tennis , football and snooker . Controversial situations, for example the “out” of the ball, can be resolved with almost no doubt by the system afterwards. The system was developed in 2001 by the British mathematician Paul Hawkins .
In football, which led FIFA that by the IFAB allowed Hawk-Eye in July 2012 as a new goal-line test, a; there it continues to compete with the GoalRef system known as the “chip in the ball” .
HawkEye Ltd. is a subsidiary of Sony Europe.
Procedure
The system is based on the use of at least four high-speed cameras that capture the playing field from different angles. A computer first identifies the ball in the individual images taken by the cameras at the same time. Then it can calculate the position of the ball by triangulation (the position of the cameras and the angle of the respective camera to the ball are known). To increase the accuracy of the method, six or more cameras are usually used in practice. For illustration, the trajectory of the ball is then shown for the audience in a 3D animation.
In cricket, the potential trajectory of the ball after contact with the batsman is also calculated. In soccer, on the other hand, the referee is shown on a specially prepared wristwatch whether a goal has been scored or not. The Hawk-Eye was first used in football at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup .
Cricket
Hawk-Eye was first used in cricket in May 2001 by British television station Channel 4 during a test match between England and Pakistan. But it only served as a service for the television viewers without the referees being able to use the system.
It is used primarily in cases in which the referee ( umpire ) has to decide on the removal of the batsman according to the LBW rule . But it also offers clear graphics for subsequent analysis of the ball's trajectory after the throw and the batsman's reaction to it.
The International Cricket Council (ICC) initially used the system during a test phase in the 2008/09 season. For the first time, players were able to have the referee's LBW decisions checked by a third umpire who, however, had no access to the pre-calculated trajectory of the ball, but could only see the trajectory up to the point of contact with the batsman.
Today (2012) Hawk-Eye is used as part of the Decision Review System (DRS). The third umpire can access the system without restriction. However, due to the resistance of the Indian federation, the DRS is not mandatory for international matches.
tennis
Since its introduction at tennis tournaments in 2006, the system has been criticized by Roger Federer , among others , for being imprecise. At the Australian Open 2017, however, he won the tournament due to a hawk-eye decision. It is now used in three of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Only at the French Open this is not done because the ball leaves a visible imprint on sand. The technology is currently used in over 80 tournaments.
Soccer
The English Premier League has been using Hawk-Eye for controversial goal decisions since the 2013/14 season . The system was installed in every Premier League stadium for this purpose.
The first international encounter in which the system was used was the friendly between England and Germany on November 19, 2013 at Wembley .
In Germany, Hawk-Eye was first used on May 30, 2015 at the final of the DFB-Pokal 2014/15 in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin , but there was no controversial goal decision.
The system has also been used in the German Bundesliga since the first day of the 2015/16 season . There it was used for the first time on August 15, 2015 in the Darmstadt stadium at Böllenfalltor in the match between Darmstadt 98 and Hannover 96 . The first goal verified with the Hawk-Eye came on October 15, 2016 in the game between FC Augsburg and FC Schalke 04 .
snooker
In snooker , the hawk-eye basically only serves to display the ball positions on the table for the audience in the hall or on the television sets as an additional technical and visual service. On the one hand, due to the proximity of the players and referees at the table, there are no such controversial situations that make a technical aid necessary for important decisions; on the other hand, such quite expensive technology is only used at the few "TV tables" at official tournaments, so that there would be no equality at all tables for all games in a tournament.
The only exception is the eventual state of the table situation to be restored after a foul & miss, i.e. H. if the fouled player lets the perpetrator repeat the shot: Here, if the hawk-eye technique is available, the before-and-after picture is often used as an aid to ensure that the balls are positioned as accurately as possible.
Web links
- Hawk-Eye Innovations Official Website of the Manufacturer
Individual evidence
- ^ "GoalRef" or "Hawk-Eye": Perfect - goal line technology at World Cup 2014. Archived from the original on May 20, 2013 ; Retrieved June 7, 2013 .
- ↑ Jan Kluczniok: Never again Wembley goals: FIFA introduces goal-line technology. In: netzwelt. Retrieved July 6, 2012 .
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: SMART Production - Cricket Promo )
- ↑ Hawk-Eye (Cricket)
- ↑ Third Umpire - Umpire Decision Review System (Engl.) ( Memento of 6 November 2012 at the Internet Archive ) (PDF, 449 kB)
- ↑ ICC pushes again for DRS, BCCI says no
- ↑ London Evening Standard Federer: Hawk-Eye must be scrapped ( Memento from January 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ The Telegraph French Open 2010: Novak Djokovic claims 'no sense' in using Hawk-Eye in Paris
- ^ Hawk-Eye. Retrieved December 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Premier League Hawk-Eye website of the Premier League (English)
- ↑ Bundesliga: Goal-line technology: This is "Hawk-Eye" , accessed on December 4, 2014.
- ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau: Premiere: Hawk-Eye in Darmstadt used for the first time , accessed on August 17, 2015.
- ↑ Kicker: Baier's dream goal counters Bentaleb's historic hit , accessed on October 15, 2016.