Hayton Castle

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The gate of Hayton Castle

Hayton Castle is a castle in the northeast of the village of Hayton in the English county of Cumbria .

The castle was built as a residential tower in the 14th or 15th centuries and was converted into a residential building in the 16th and 17th centuries. Hayton Castle is a simple, rectangular house with windows from three periods: 15th century, Elizabethan, and Georgian times . It has very thick walls and there is a barrel vault in the basement . Thus, it is considered a fortified house. A branch of the Musgrave family lived there in the 17th century . On April 11, 1967, Hayton Castle was listed by English Heritage as a Grade I Historic Building.

history

Hayton Castle is the center of a small manor in the Baronate of Allerdale whose families played an important role in the history of Cumberland . The manor '' Hayton '' originally received the hunter Seliff from Alan, 2nd Lord of Allerdale . His descendants therefore took the name De Hayton .

From the Haytons, the manorial rule over the female line fell to Robert de Mulcaster by marrying the heiress of the powerful Lucy family . William de Mulcaster , his son, was High Sheriff of Cumberland twice between 1298 and 1306 and several members of his family appear to have been Knight of the Shire of Cumberland in the 14th century . This line held the manorial rule for five generations, but due to the lack of male offspring, it fell to Piers Jeffrey Tilliol through marriage to an heiress . He had two daughters, Isabella and Margaret . Isabella, who received Hayton, married John Colville of Torpenhow . Colville died in 1438 and his line ended again in 1479 with two daughters, both of whom married the younger sons of Sir Thomas Musgrave (1417-1469) of Hartley Castle .

Margaret Colville's marriage to Nicholas Musgrave (1450–1506), fourth son of Sir Thomas Musgrave, gave birth to the line through whose hands the manor passed for 14 generations or 300 years. Her heir was Thomas Musgrave, Marshal of Berwick (1483-1542). His son, William Musgrave (1518–1597), MP from Hayton, inherited the property. He was followed by Sir Edward Musgrave (1561-1641). His son William Musgrave (1596–1634) was the next heir, followed by his son Edward Musgrave (1621–1676). Edward Musgrave was appointed 1st Baronet of Hayton in 1638. He was followed by his son, Richard Musgrave, 2nd Baronet (1650-1710). After his death, Hayton Castle fell to his son and heir, Sir Richard Musgrave, 3rd Baronet (1675-1711). This was 1701 and 1702-1708 Member of Parliament for Cumberland. After his death, the property fell to Sir Richard Musgrave, 4th Baronet (1700–1739). Sir Richard Musgrave, 5th Baronet , (1724–1755) took the name "Hylton" from Hilton Castle according to the last will of his uncle John Hylton, dejure 12th Baron Hylton . After he died with no descendants, the title and estate fell to his brother, Sir William Musgrave, 6th Baronet , (1735-1800), a customs officer. After William Musgrave's death, the title and estate fell to his younger brother, Sir Thomas Musgrave, 7th Baronet , (1737-1812), a British Army general . Thomas Musgrave's heir was a distant cousin, Sir James Musgrave, 8th Baronet , of Barnsley Park in Gloucestershire . James Musgrave died in 1814 and was followed by his son, Sir James Musgrave, 9th Baronet (1785-1858). The manor of Hayton did not succeed the title and soon after became the property of a Mrs. Joliffe (relative of William Joliffe , Esq. , MP for the Petersfield constituency who died in 1802), the younger daughter and later the sole heiress of Sir Richard Musgrave Bart . The Joliffe family did not live in the castle, but rented it out. Among the tenants are Reverend Isaac Robinson (1816), John Blackburn and his son (1828), John Blackstock and then his widow Nancy (1882) and Thomas Bigland , a well-known sportsman, (until 1903). Then the property was sold to David Mitchell , whose family still own it today. Mitchell was from Scotland ; he had recently returned from South Africa , where he had served in the British Army for three years in the Second Boer War .

English Civil War

The English Civil War did not spare Hayton Castle and its owners. Sir Edward Musgrave, 1st Baronet , was an ardent royalist and spared neither his person nor his fortune. He received a mounted regiment at his own expense and took part in the Battle of Preston in 1648 with the rank of colonel . He is said to have made his own horse available to King Charles II when his horse was shot from under the bum in the Battle of Worcester . After the lost battle, Musgrave found refuge in Scotland with George Gordon . The parliamentarians so desperately wanted to get hold of him when his refuge became known that Oliver Cromwell informed the Duke that "if he did not immediately extradite Ned Musgrave, Cromwell would send a mounted force to storm his castle". Musgrave was allowed to escape and he fled to the Isle of Man , where he later died.

Hayton Castle itself was badly damaged by parliamentary troops. The southern part, the most sensitive, appears to have suffered the most, as it was completely rebuilt after the war by Sir Edward's son Richard.

description

There was probably no building of major importance in Hayton prior to the rise of the Mulcaster family . Sir Piers de Tilliol obviously preferred to live in Scaleby and so left no trace on Hayton. Most of the construction and renovation work that gave the castle its present-day appearance must be attributed to the Musgrave family. Today the building has a rectangular floor plan and measures 29 meters in north-south direction and 16 meters in east-west direction. The northern part is best preserved; most of the changes were made to the southern part. The strangest part of the main structure is a 2 meter thick wall in the middle of the building, probably a remnant of the original castle. Hayton Castle is one of several places in Cumberland where Mary Queen of Scots stayed; she spent one night at the castle on May 17, 1568. On her departure she gave her host a small picture of her in the middle of a simple gold ring, a jewel that has passed through the hands of many generations. It is said, however, that Mary Queen of Scots spent that night in Cockermouth .

The old mansion has been relegated from its originally high rank and is now used as a farmhouse. There are three stairwells in the castle. The main staircase is made of stone and at the first bend there is a Musgrave coat of arms in the wall. This contains six rings , three, two and one, with a merlette among the three, while at the same time one sees a coat of arms cut on a red field of the Penruddock family from Arkelby , a branch of the old lords of Penruddock. The coat of arms was probably put on by Sir Edward Musgrave , who married Catherine , a daughter of Sir Thomas Penruddock of Arkelby and Exeter . Sir Edward's mother was a Martindale , hence the coat of arms on the outside. The ring is a symbol of her fifth son, while the Merlette is that of her fourth son. The Musgraves' helmet gem consists of two arms in armor and hands with gauntlets that grip a ring that is believed to represent Hylton. The stone slab bears the inscription LAVS. TIBI. DNE REX .GL. ORIE. (Eng .: Glory to you, oh God, King of Glory). The arms follow, with the small helmet breaking through the space between the first, second, third and fourth of the above words. Then follows the year AD 1609 and the words PRECOR. VT.SIMVS. MEMORES. BENEFICI ORUM. ERGA. NOS. The supplicant asks the King of Kings, out of his love, to be attentive to him and his family and to them. A second spiral staircase, apparently the remainder of a long flight of stairs from the floor to the roof, shows a stone slab referring to the earlier existence of a house chapel somewhere below. This stone slab in an old window in the east wall bears the following inscription: “This chapel was repaired in AD 1719 at the expense of Anne Musgrave, third daughter of Sir Richard Musgrave, Baronet, and Lady Dorothy, his wife”.

According to some observers, this refers to an oratory in the castle itself. Alternatively, it is said that there was a chapel attached to the castle and that the inscription refers to the renovation of this building. It is said that this chapel was said to have been in use until 1820, but was then demolished and quickly fell into disrepair. Today there is no longer any trace of it. Above the open fireplace from the 17th century there is another copy of the Musgraves coat of arms, which is said to have been placed there on behalf of Anne Musgrave , daughter of Sir Richard Musgrave and his wife Dorothy. On the outer wall, the north wall, there is a coat of arms of the Martindales from Mulcaster, namely silver and red, with a stone sundial and the initials of Sir Richard, son of Sir Edward and his wife Anne with the date 1725.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hayton Castle . britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  2. ^ Thomas Seccombe: Lowther, Richard (DNB00) in Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 34, 1885-1900. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  3. ^ A b c T. Bulmer: History and Directory of Cumberland . T. Bulmer & Co. Hesperus Press, Preston 1901. pp. 122-123.
  4. ↑ J. Rose, M. Dunglinson: Aspatria . Phillimore, Chichester 1987. pp. 133-134.
  5. ↑ Parishes: Addingham - Aspatria . In: british-history.ac.uk . Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  6. ^ A b West Cumberland Times, October 4, 1919.
  7. ↑ Sir Edward Musgrave's Troop of Horse . In: bcw-project.org . March 25, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  8. ↑ J. Rose, M. Dunglinson: Aspatria . Phillimore, Chichester 1987. p. 64.
  9. ↑ a b c J. B. Bailey: History of the Churches in the Maryport Rural Deanery . Times Office, Cockermouth 1920. pp. 75-76.

Coordinates: 54 ° 45 ′ 45.3 "  N , 3 ° 23 ′ 2.9"  W.