Additional character

Marks ( break , French brisure ) are characters in the coat of arms , which are used to differentiate between divided lines or to identify younger birth and false descent (the latter only in Western nations).

Basics

Markers were used more frequently in Western Europe than in Central Europe.

In England and France, the coats of arms in the families differ in the brisures. It is the tournament collar, bias threads or borders . They show the affiliation in type and position to the family branch. In England the assignment of the tournament collar with common figures for further differentiation / improvement of the coat of arms is common. To differentiate between the individual family lines, small figures of the same type ( hearts , diamonds , small cages ) are placed in the shield. In this case, they are treated as a special character.

The characteristic of the mark is that the omission of the same does not change the coat of arms, but rather restores the original shape. If the figure in question appears independently (such as the tournament collar, for example, not infrequently), then it is not a symbol but the main image. It has also sphragistische , two the image and the size of similar motif, which have the purpose seal types to distinguish by a falling in the eye feature.

National

Germany

In Germany the markings were created in a very diverse way, e.g. B. by reducing the helmets or the tincture , by increasing, decreasing or mutilating the figures. The most important figurative symbols that occur as such in Germany are z. B .:

Tournament collar	First son	The tournament collar is also known as a bench, bar, rake or bridge. It is generally used when the eldest son wants to differentiate his coat of arms from that of his father (coat of arms crusher).
lying moon	Second son
star	Third son	The five-pointed star was originally a spur wheel and is often depicted with six points in France.
Merlette	Fourth son	The Merlette is a heraldic trimmed small, duck-like bird without a beak or feet.
Ring annulet	Fifth son
Lily (fleur-de-lis)	Sixth son
rose	Seventh son
cross	Eighth son

There are no identifiers in German heraldry for female descendants.

Great Britain

British royal family

The Canadian system


Queen's coat of arms	Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales	Prince William coat of arms	Prince Harry coat of arms	Duke of York coat of arms	Princess Beatrice coat of arms

Princess Eugenie coat of arms	Earl of Wessex coat of arms	Princess Royal coat of arms	Duke of Gloucester coat of arms	Duke of Kent coat of arms	Prince Michael coat of arms

France

French royal family

The Fleur-de-Lys	quartered	with collar	bordered		with break

Coat of arms of the monarch	Coat of arms of the Dauphin of France	Coat of arms of the Duke of Orléans	Coat of arms of the Duke of Anjou	Coat of arms of the Duke of Berry	Coat of arms of the Prince of Condé	Coat of arms of the Prince of Conti	Coat of arms of the Duke of Vendôme

Bulgaria

The Prince of Bulgaria , the son of Prince Alexander of Hesse from an unequal marriage, carried the Hessian lion with the tournament collar as a sign.

Italy

House of Savoy


Coat of arms of the monarch	Coat of arms of the Prince of Piedmont	Coat of arms of the Duke of Genoa	Coat of arms of the Duke of Aosta	Coat of arms of the Prince of Carignan

Portugal

Portuguese royal family


Coat of arms of the monarch	Coat of arms of the Prince of Beira (eldest son of the heir to the throne)	Crown Prince's coat of arms	Coat of arms of the First Infante	Coat of arms of the Second Infante	Coat of arms of the Third Infante

Spain

The genealogical symbols:

-	Tournament collar	moon	star	Merlette	ring	lily

First son	Second son	Third son	Fourth son	Fifth son	Sixth son	Seventh son

Spanish royal family


Coat of arms of the monarch	Coat of arms of the Prince of Asturias

literature

Meyers Konversationslexikon . 4th edition. Publishing house of the Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna, 1885–1892
Additional character . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 2, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 631.

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ See: Konrad Fuchs , Heribert Raab: dtv dictionary for history. Volume 1: A-K (= dtv 3283). 6th edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-423-03283-9 , p. 83.

^ ^A ^b Walter Leonhard : The great book of heraldic art. Development, elements, motifs, design. Georg DW Callway, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7667-0335-8 .

↑ ottfried neubecker , Roger Harmignies: Le Grand livre de l'héraldique. L'histoire, l'art et la science du blason. Bordas, Paris 1981, ISBN 2-04-012582-5 .

↑ Heraldique Europeenne ( Memento of the original dated February 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed April 18, 2009. @1@ 2

^ Jiří Louda, Michael Maclagan: Les Dynasties d'Europe. Héraldique et Généalogie des Familles Impériales et Royales. Nouvelle édition. Bordas, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-04-027013-2 , pp. 242-243.

↑ José de Avilés, Marqués de Avilés: Ciencia heroyca, reducida a las leyes heráldicas del blasón. Volume 2. J. Ibarra, Madrid 1780, pp. 234-242 (Edición facsimilar: Bitácora, San Fernando de Henares 1992, ISBN 84-465-0006-X ).