Holy Spirit Hospital (Lübeck)

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Holy Spirit Hospital in Lübeck

The Heiligen-Geist-Hospital am Koberg in Lübeck , completed in 1286, is one of the oldest existing social institutions in the world and one of the most important buildings in the city. It is in the tradition of the Holy Spirit hospitals based on the model of Santo Spirito in Sassia in Rome . The hospitals were looked after by the brothers from the Order of the Holy Spirit .

history

Foundation, endowment

The Heiligen-Geist-Hospital was founded as a foundation in 1227 and is the most important North European foundation for medieval welfare. After the merchant Bertram Morneweg returned to Lübeck from Riga , where he is said to have been trading , he was one of the co-founders along with other wealthy merchants and first head of the Holy Spirit Hospital, which was built in the brick Gothic style . The hospital owned many lands in and around Lübeck whose income was sufficient to care for the poor and the sick and to support other institutions. This also included the hospital villages in Mecklenburg such as Warnkenhagen (district of Kalkhorst ), Alt Bukow and Krumbrook bei Hohen Schönberg (district of Kalkhorst) as well as part of the island of Poel : Brandenhusen, Neuhof, Seedorf, Wangern, Weitendorf until after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 . In Holstein, the hospital owned the villages of Böbs and Schwochel, among others .

In 1935, in the run-up to the expected territorial reorganization ( Greater Hamburg Law ) and the associated endangerment of the Lübeck exclaves , an exchange of goods took place: the city received the Mönkhof and Falkenhusen goods previously owned by the hospital and located within the city limits, and the Heiligen Foundation -Geist-Hospital received the goods Behlendorf (259 ha ), Albsfelde (123 ha) and the Behlendorfer See (70 ha) in return . The Krumbecker Hof (180 ha), now part of Stockelsdorf , also belongs to the foundation. In 1986 the citizens of Lübeck decided that the foundation's goods should only be managed according to the principles of organic farming.

hospital

The residents of the hospital were subject to a monastery-like rule, but they were given food and, since the 17th century, a warm bath eight times a year.

Old people's home

Corridor in the hospital, left and right the cubicles

During the Reformation , the hospital was converted into a “secular” old people's home, which has been preserved to this day. Originally, the beds of the hospital residents were in the hall. In the 18th century the first and second floors served as a hospital. In 1820, four square meter wooden chambers were built, separated by gender. The departments are open at the top. There are two lengthways aisles between the rows of side-by-side chambers. There was also a small library and pharmacy. On the doors of the chambers you can still see the names and numbers of the residents of that time. The chambers were inhabited until 1970.

present

Foundation, endowment

The Heiligen-Geist-Hospital is a foundation under public law and is administered in trust by the Hanseatic City of Lübeck. In 2007 the foundation bought back parts of the former Gertrudenherberge in order to secure them as a memorial.

Elderly care

Even today, parts of the Heiligen-Geist-Hospital are used as a retirement and nursing home ; on the south side, historical rooms are also used as restaurants. There the path leads to the community gardens behind the Königstraße to the garden side of the Behnhaus Museum .

tourism

The Holy Spirit Hospital can be visited all year round.

Christmas Market

On eleven days in the Advent season, at the end of November / beginning of December, the Lübeck group of the Association for Women and Culture has organized an annual Christmas market since 1968 , mainly with handicrafts. The 150 artisans come from Germany, Scandinavia, the Baltic countries, Israel and Peru. The stalls are located in the vestibule of the former church, in the church cabins and in the vault below the church. Christmas chorales are played on trumpets in the vestibule. After a week, around 30 of the exhibitors will give way to new artisans. The market has a supra-regional charisma and has over 50,000 visitors. The Association for Women and Culture canceled the 50th Christmas market for 2017 due to ailing roof beams of the nave.

Three-aisled hall church

Furnishing

Cross hall with rood screen

Murals

The two large-format medieval wall paintings on the north side, which are dated to around 1320–1325, determine the space in the church hall. The western arch field shows a complex typological scene: the Solomonic throne . Above the throne surrounded by twelve lions, on which King Solomon sits with his wife and mother, rises another throne with Christ and his mother Mary, surrounded by angels. Christ lets his crowned mother participate in his rule as Queen of Heaven or the angels and gives her a lily scepter.

The painting in the north wall panel shows a Maiestas Domini , the elevated Christ surrounded by the symbols of the four evangelists and circular pictures of the founders of the hospital.

  • Solomonic Throne

  • Maiestas domini and donor medallions

  • Donor medallion Bertram Morneweg

  • Crucifixion scene under the rood screen

restoration

After being overpainted for centuries, the wall paintings were rediscovered in 1866 and restored by the painter Christian Stolle using oil paints according to the state of knowledge at the time, which led to further damage. Due to a wrong interpretation of the reddening of the wall still under the painting, Stolle removed the originally blue background of the Solomonic throne and painted it over red. Further restorations were carried out in 1939/40 and 1979–1984. However, as the decay of wall painting progressed, an in-depth investigation was carried out from 1990 to 1995 as part of a research project by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT). Until 1999 both paintings were conserved according to the knowledge gained.

Grave slabs

Twelve medieval tombstones have survived for the Holy Spirit Hospital, eight of which have survived. The rest are definitely missing.

literature

  • Georg Wilhelm Dittmer : That healing. Geist Hospital and St. Clemens Kaland zu Lübeck, according to their previous and current circumstances, from the documents and acts of both foundations. Lübeck 1838 ( digitized version )
  • Friedrich Techen : The tombstones of the churches in Lübeck , Rahtgens, Lübeck, 1898, pp. 140–143 ( digitized version )
  • Wilhelm Plessing : The Holy Spirit Hospital in Lübeck in the 17th and 18th centuries , Lübeck 1914 ( digitized version )
  • Joachim Goege: The Elisabeth legend in the Holy Spirit Hospital. In: Der Wagen 1954, pp. 54–60
  • Peter Guttkuhn: Gertrud Mornewech donates a vicariate . In: Vaterstädtische Blätter, Lübeck 1977, pp. 92–93
  • Uwe Albrecht (ed.): Corpus of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2: Hanseatic City of Lübeck, The Works in the City Area. Kiel: Ludwig 2012 ISBN 978-3-933598-76-9 .

Web links

Commons : Heiligen-Geist-Hospital  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Meinolfus Strätling, A. Schneeweiß, Peter Schmucker: Medical University of Lübeck: Clinic for Anesthesiology. In: Jürgen Schüttler (Ed.): 50 Years of the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine: Tradition and Innovation. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2003, ISBN 3-540-00057-7 , pp. 479-486, here: p. 479.
  2. ↑ Hans Rathje Reimers: Lübeck's territorial development - Part 3: The Behlendorf exclave. In: Lübeckische Blätter 177 (2012), p. 128 f.
  3. ↑ Bodo Fabian: The Krumbecker Hof - a Lübsche story. In: Lübeckische Blätter 184 (2019), Heft 13 ( digitized version), pp. 214f
  4. ^ German Association for Women and Culture e. V., Lübeck group: Christmas market in the Holy Spirit Hospital in Lübeck. Leaflet from November 2010.
  5. ↑ Lübeck Foundation Administration
  6. ↑ Information on the Christmas market , accessed on July 20, 2009
  7. ↑ Off to Lübeck. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . October 30, 2010, special supplement magazine, p. II.
  8. ↑ Art in Kabäuschen. In: Lübecker Nachrichten . November 27, 2010, p. 13.
  9. ↑ Joseph von Zastrow: The cabins stay closed: Christmas market is canceled . In: Lübecker Nachrichten . August 12, 2017, p. 9.
  10. ↑ Inscription with translation by Adolf Clasen : Misunderstood treasures: Lübeck's Latin inscriptions in the original and in German , Lübeck 2003, p. 184 ff. ISBN 3-7950-0475-6
  11. ↑ The gem is back again Article in the Lübeck city newspaper from September 15, 1998, accessed on July 20, 2009
  12. ^ Klaus Krüger: Corpus of the medieval grave monuments in Lübeck, Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg 1100-1600 , Jan Thorbeke Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, pp. 740-748 ISBN 3-7995-5940-X


Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 17 "  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 23"  E