Heinrich Dittmar (pedagogue)

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Heinrich Dittmar, lithograph by Georg Engelbach
The Grünstadt Latin School, built under Dittmar and later increased by him
Portrait on the tombstone

Heinrich Dittmar (born December 15, 1792 in Ansbach , † July 24, 1866 in Zweibrücken ) was a German educator .

Live and act

Heinrich Dittmar came from the Principality of Ansbach , which fell to the Kingdom of Prussia in the year he was born and was the son of the Brandenburg secretary Johann Gottlieb Dittmar, as well as his wife Christiane nee. Tooth. The family professed the evangelical faith.

Dittmar studied in Erlangen and Würzburg since 1810 , first law, then philosophy. In Erlangen he became a member of the Freemason Lodge Lebanon to the three Ceders . However, he turned away from this school of thought again in 1815, in favor of decidedly Christian views, with the philosopher Johann Jakob Wagner (1775–1841) influencing him in particular .

After he had familiarized himself with Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi in Ifferten , Switzerland , with his school methods, in Würzburg, with some friends, he himself set up a school and educational institution based on these principles; 1817, together with Friedrich von Hermann , another in Nuremberg. In the latter he hired the geologist Karl Georg von Raumer, a friend of his, as a teacher. The scientist, who later became very well known, remained connected to Dittmar throughout his life and visited him in Grünstadt for years .

In 1824 Heinrich Dittmar became sub-rector and in 1827 rector of the Latin school in Grünstadt , Palatinate , where he worked very successfully for almost 30 years. For his biblical studies he wanted the Old Testament read in its original language, so he contacts the out Kindenheim originating Heinrich Wilhelm David Heman recorded (1793-1873), who taught as a teacher at the Jewish school of green city. This in turn strove to learn Greek and to be introduced to the New Testament . This resulted in a friendship between the two, Heman was baptized Protestant in 1833 and was a well-known Judeo-Christian convert of his time. Since he lost his position in this context, Dittmar hired him as a mathematics teacher at the Grünstadt Latin School, where his achievements were highly praised by the highest Bavarian schoolboy Friedrich Thiersch in 1838.

Dittmars Sophienruhe , near Grünstadt

As an opponent of the Palatinate Revolution of 1849 , Heinrich Dittmar was appointed headmaster of the grammar school in Zweibrücken in 1852 , as the ideas of the rebels were particularly widespread in this city. He died here in 1866, his grave monument with a portrait bust is preserved in the Zweibrücken main cemetery.

Heinrich Dittmar was married to Sophia geb. Oehrl († 1826), after her death with Louisa Karolina More who also died († 1830) and most recently with her sister Philippina More († 1876). On a high path west of Grünstadt, from where you have a good view of the Rhine plain , there is a simple memorial stone with the designation "Sophienruhe 1825" , which the school principal had erected in memory of his first wife's favorite place there. He was holder of the Order of Merit of St. Michael 1st Class and belonged to the Pegnese Flower Order .

According to General German Biography , Dittmar was particularly fond of historiography and tried to prove the motto "Christ is the center of world history" through all of his works in this regard .

His son Gottlob Dittmar (1839-1891) also worked as a grammar school director and book author.

Works

  • Besides numerous youth publications and some editions of older literary monuments, for example the "Merks" by Abraham a Sancta Clara (Frankfurt 1827)
  • Poems "Das Minnebüchlein", Berlin 1824
  • "Wheat grains scattered in young hearts" (Frankfurt, 1827, published by Johann David Sauerländer)
  • "History of the world before and after Christ, presented for the general need" (Heidelberg 1845–60; 4th ed. 6 vols.)
  • "Historical Atlas (Part 1-2)". 5th edition, Winter, Heidelberg 1866 (digitized version)
  • "The world history in outline" (12th edition, 1881, 2 vols.)
  • "Guide to World History" (9th edition that. 1879)
  • "German history in its essential features and in a clear context" (8th edition das. 1880) (digitized version)
  • "Outline of Bavarian History". Winter, Heidelberg 1882 (digitized version)

literature

  • AF Butters:  Dittmar, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 266.
  • Viktor Carl: Lexicon of Palatinate Personalities , Hennig Verlag Edenkoben, 2004, ISBN 3-9804668-5-X , page 171
  • Walter Lampert: 1100 years of Grünstadt , Grünstadt city administration, 1975, page 376
  • Friedrich Butters: A short biography of Doctor Heinrich Dittmar's , Zweibrücken, 1867; (Digital scan)
  • Jan Carsten Schnurr: World empires and witnesses to the truth: Historical images of the Protestant revival movement in Germany 1815-1848 , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2011, ISBN 3647550140 , p. 58 u. a .; (Digital scan)
  • Hubert Göbels: The boy pleasure forest. A study on the history of the development of the German reading book. In: The slate. Journal for historical children's book research 5 (1982), issue 1, pp. 15-36.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Max Heinze:  Wagner, Johann Jakob (philosopher) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 510-515.
  2. ↑ Dietmar Grypa: New edition of the complete edition of the correspondence by Leopold von Ranke , Volume 1, p. 315, footnote 18, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2016, ISBN 3110412128 ; (Digital scan)
  3. ^ Claudia Schnurmann: Bridges made of paper: Atlantic knowledge transfer in the letter network of the German-American couple Francis and Mathilde Lieber, 1827-1872 , LIT Verlag Münster, 2014, p. 198, ISBN 3643126786 ; (Digital scan, Raumer's letter, written by Dittmar in Grünstadt in 1838)
  4. ^ Entry on David Heman in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database , accessed on April 19, 2016 .
  5. ^ Obituary in: Saat auf Hope: Organ of the Evangelical Lutheran Central Association for Mission under Israel , Volume 13, Erlangen, 1876, pp. 126–129; (Digital scan)
  6. ↑ Friedrich Thiersch: About the current state of public education in the western states of Germany, Holland, France and Belgium , Volume 1, Stuttgart, Cotta, 1838, page 62; Digital scan from the source
  7. ^ Website of the grave

Web links
personal data
SURNAME Dittmar, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dittmar, Johann Christian Gottlob Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator
DATE OF BIRTH December 15, 1792
PLACE OF BIRTH Ansbach
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1866
Place of death Zweibrücken