Heinrich Sauermann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heinrich Sauermann

Hans Heinrich Thomas Sauermann (born March 12, 1842 in Flensburg ; † October 3, 1904 there ) was a German master saddler, furniture manufacturer and museum director. He is considered the most important representative of the furniture art of Schleswig-Holstein's historicism .

Live and act

Memorial plaque for Heinrich Sauermann on his house in the Südergraben

Heinrich Sauermann was the son of master saddler Peter Ernst Sauermann (* 1796 in Harburg ; † March 12, 1842 in Flensburg ) and his wife Brigitte Sophie, née Hansen (* May 2, 1798 in Flensburg; † September 4, 1857 ibid). He had eight older siblings and attended a private school in Flensburg. He then intended to study painting at the Copenhagen Art Academy , but could not convince his father of this. Therefore he completed an apprenticeship with the saddler and belt master Mönkeberg in Hamburg from 1858 to 1862 . At the same time he received drawing lessons from the Patriotic Society .

Sauermann then worked in the Lauenstein railway and wagon factory and the Foche saddlery in Hamburg. For health reasons, he switched to his father's company, where he completed his training. In 1864/65 he had a job as a journeyman at a respected car manufacturing workshop in Stuttgart . In 1866 he stayed in Paris and often drew in the Cluny Museum . It was here in particular that he became aware of the importance of the old handicrafts in the then modern design language.

At the end of 1866 Sauermann went back to Flensburg and worked in his father's company. This now bore the title "PE Sauermann & Sohn, saddlery and wallpapering business Holm 806". He passed the master craftsman's examination and then took over the sole management. With the freedom of trade that existed from 1867, he gradually expanded the company into a furniture factory. In the mid-1870s, he increasingly produced carved furniture and furnishings.

Sauermann was German-national and had been actively involved in the gymnastics movement as a journeyman . He enthusiastically followed the idea of ​​aligning the arts and crafts accordingly. At the German Trade Exhibition in Munich in 1876 , the arts and crafts of the German Renaissance were presented as a model for contemporary arts and crafts. Inspired in this way, Sauermann took part in the "Schleswig-Holstein Industrial Exhibition" that took place in Flensburg in 1878. He presented a “modern room in the taste of the German Renaissance”, for which he received a silver state medal. From this point in time he was supported by the government councilor Carl Christian Lüders . Since Sauermann only had autodidactic knowledge in the field of art and art history, Lüders helped him at the beginning with an arranged scholarship, which he used for further training in Lombardy and Tuscany.

In 1825 Sauermann built a three-storey factory on his father's site in the Südergraben . The furniture factory initially had around 20 employees. Thirty carpenters, several carvers and two upholsterers now worked in the new building. In 1889 there was a long strike that brought production to a standstill. Sauermann, supported by Lüders, therefore realized the plan to rededicate the company as a “state-supported technical college for cabinet makers and carvers”. The architect Heinrich Moldenschardt designed his villa for Sauermann , which was built on the site of the factory in 1884. Sauermann himself financed another three-story building, which was opened on October 1, 1890. It was Germany's first workshop school. The Prussian Ministry of Commerce appointed Sauermann director in 1891.

Sauermanns Möbelfabrik and the state co-financed educational institution work closely together. In this way, the company combined public benefits with private income. The students had 48 hours a week to work in the company with 22 hours of school lessons. Emil Nolde , the most important student, studied here from 1884 to 1888. Even before the school existed, he complained that the requirements were irresponsibly high.

Works

Sauermann was not a trained carpenter, but could draw very well. He therefore only created the drafts that his subject teachers and students then implemented. Sauermann's factory created many individual pieces of furniture, exhibitions and room furnishings. The funds for this came from the Schleswig-Holstein State Industrial Exhibition, which had existed since 1865. The items were raffled. In addition, the workshop created complete state rooms intended only for exhibition and decoration purposes. Carved festival rooms of North Frisian farmhouses from the 17th century served as a model. However, the dimensions were geared to the wishes of the upper class.

The first room from Sauermann's factory was built before the school existed. This "North Frisian Room" was realized for the "German National Applied Arts Exhibition" in Munich in 1888. The Nordic Museum from Stockholm bought the exhibit. The German Reich then commissioned a “German State Room”, which could be seen at the World's Columbian Exposition . This became the property of the Golden Gate Park Museum . At the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, a "Low German Room" was on display, which the Flensburg Museum of Applied Arts acquired. Another Low German room was created for the Schleswig-Holstein trade exhibition that took place in Kiel in 1896. In 1900 the company built the festival room of the Imperial Yacht Club in Kiel. Alfred Krupp donated the equipment .

Thanks to public funding, Sauermann was able to prevail against the painter Christian Carl Magnussen . He collected art and had a carving school in Schleswig since 1874. Sauermann received all the more extensive orders that were placed in the context of wood restoration:

  • In 1881 he restored the prince's chair in the Gottorf Castle chapel.
  • In 1882/83 he reworked the Brüggemann altar and in 1884/85 the Swynschen Pesel from Lehe . While working on the Brüggemann Altar, Sauermann made an elaborate plaster cast and sold individual casts to museums and arts and crafts schools. Brüggemann created individual groups, statues and busts for the altar for private individuals.

collection

Sauermann collected exemplary historical handicrafts. In particular, it was about carved furniture and furniture parts. The city of Flensburg acquired this in 1876. It formed the basis for the Flensburg Museum of Applied Arts . In March 1903 he became its first museum director. His workshops moved into its basement. The top floor housed the school's teaching rooms. The collection is still part of the Flensburg Museum Mountain today .

family

Sauermann married Margaretha Henriette Maria ( Marie ) Hennings (born April 30, 1851 in Bünderies near Norderbrarup ; buried on July 21, 1922 (according to the gravestone, died July 15, 1923) in Flensburg). His wife's father, named Paul Heinrich Christoph Hennings, worked as a hoofner in Bünderies and was married to Christina Dorothea Schmidt. The Sauermann couple had four daughters and two sons.

Awards

Sauermann has received many exhibition medals and diplomas since 1869. These included:

literature

  • Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, pp. 336-339.

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Sauermann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, p. 336.
  2. ^ Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, pp. 336-337.
  3. ^ A b c Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, p. 337.
  4. ^ Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, pp. 337-338.
  5. ^ A b c Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, p. 338.
  6. ^ Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer: Sauermann, Heinrich . In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 10. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1994, pp. 337-337.
personal data
SURNAME Sauermann, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sauermann, Hans Heinrich Thomas (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German master saddler, furniture manufacturer and museum director
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH Flensburg
DATE OF DEATH October 3, 1904
Place of death Flensburg