West thermal power station (Frankfurt)
| West thermal power station | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 5 '54 " N , 8 ° 39' 12" E | ||
| country | Germany | ||
| Waters | Main | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | District heating, electricity | ||
| Primary energy | Hard coal, natural gas | ||
| power | 430 MW thermal , 262 MW electrical | ||
| owner | Mainova | ||
| operator | Mainova | ||
| Start of operations | First on October 16, 1894 | ||
| Website |
Mainova generation plants |
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The west power plant is using coal and natural gas -powered cogeneration plant of Mainova . It is located in the Gutleutviertel district of Frankfurt am Main . In addition to electricity , it produces district heating in a combined heat and power system . In total, it has an electrical output of 262 megawatts and a thermal output of 430 megawatts. The first thermal power station in the west was built in 1894 as a municipal electricity center. The power plant today consists of the identical blocks 2 and 3 for hard coal, built in 1989, and block 4 for natural gas firing, which was built in 1994 . In 2017 the power plant was expanded by several systems.
In 2012, the power plant came under fire because it emitted unusually high levels of mercury . The figures for the year are 28.2 kg. In the previous year, the European Environment Agency stated a quantity of 23.3 kg.
history
In 1891, at the International Electrotechnical Exhibition, the Lauffen – Frankfurt three-phase power transmission demonstrated the superiority of alternating current over competing direct current for building a public power supply. In 1893, the city of Frankfurt commissioned Brown, Boveri & Cie. (BBC) with the construction of a municipal power station , however not for three-phase current , but for single-phase alternating current . The plot of land intended for this was located between Speicherstrasse and Böttgerstrasse near Frankfurt's West Harbor and had a rail connection via the municipal connection line . At 14,400 square meters, it was also large enough for future expansions.
In March 1894 the construction of the electricity center began ; The installation of the machines was already completed on October 12, 1894. The architect in charge was Hermann Ritter , director of Philipp Holzmann's structural engineering department . The complex, with a built-up area of 3,080 square meters, consisted of several structures: Along Speicherstrasse two parallel buildings, each 65.78 meters long, of which the northern one served as a coal store and the southern one as a boiler house. To the south of this was the 38.28 meter high machine house with a symmetrical facade, which was preceded by a two-story portal structure. From the portal a wide access path stretched across the entire complex, which divided the operating buildings into two symmetrical sections of equal size. The company buildings were designed in such a way that they could be extended on both sides as demand increased. From the portal you first entered the large, two-story vestibule.
In the machine room, two tandem composite steam engines with an output of 500 kilowatts each at 85 revolutions per minute were installed on either side of the central aisle . Their flywheels also served as 64-pole single-phase generators . Due to the direct drive of the flywheels, the unusual network frequency of 43.5 Hertz resulted .
From the power station, the high voltage of 2850 volts was conducted to the main network nodes , including the Roßmarkt , the station forecourt and the Galluswarte . A primary distribution network led from the main nodes to the transformers . They stepped the electricity down to around 123 volts and fed it to the consumers via the secondary distribution network .
On October 16, 1894, JA Carl's shop on Alten Markt 21 was the first to receive electricity from the Frankfurt electricity center. The electricity price was initially 80 pfennigs per kilowatt hour. In the 1895/96 financial year, the company delivered 1,430,180 kilowatt hours and achieved a profit of 37 pfennigs per kilowatt hour. That is why the price was reduced to 70 pfennigs per kilowatt hour from November 1, 1896.
In 1897 the system was extended to the east by four window axes and two new steam engines, each with 1500 hp, were installed. A further increase in capacity became necessary in 1898 after the city had decided to gradually convert the Frankfurt tram to electric operation. On April 1, 1899, Stadtwerke Frankfurt took over the operation of the BBC power station. In 1901 the boiler system was renewed and expanded and the machine house was enlarged by another axis to the east. The world's most powerful turbo dynamo with an output of 2,200 kilowatts was installed here in 1902 . It was followed by four more sets of 3,500 kilowatts each in 1908 and two turbine sets of 8,000 kilowatts each in 1912. In 1913, electricity consumption reached 50 million kilowatt hours. It was not until 1924, after the First World War and the resulting German inflation from 1914 to 1923 , that the city switched its previous single-phase island network to a three-phase network with 50 Hertz and joined the network of the Preussische Kraftwerk Oberweser AG .
In the years 1926 to 1930, the Stadtwerke expanded the power plant again. In 1928 it received new boilers that were equipped with dust collectors for the first time . Now it also provided district heating to supply heat to the university hospital and the exhibition center .
Block 1
Unit 1 with an output of 68 megawatts was put into operation in 1954. It is no longer in use.
Blocks 2 and 3
The two blocks were commissioned in 1990. They each deliver 69 MW electrical and 105 MW thermal output. The blocks were originally designed for German hard coal. Mainova names Colombia and Germany as the origin of the hard coal for 2011. In 2017 she is said to come from the USA or Russia. Two thirds of it is delivered via the port of Amsterdam by ship and one third by rail. The modern Westhafen Pier is the only loading facility still in operation in the former Westhafen. The power plant's own supplies are sufficient for one week of operation. An average of 1000 tons of coal are used every day; this is around 344,000 tons annually.
Every two years revision work for cleaning and inspections are carried out, which last five weeks. The costs for this are given as 1.3 million euros.
Block 2 supplies 20% of Mainova's electricity and 22% of district heating. Thanks to the combined power and heat supply, the efficiency is 80 to 85%.
In 2014, modernization plans were announced for Block 2. The investment costs are estimated at 92 million euros. Mainova is expanding the location as a hub for the district heating supply and connecting all of Frankfurt's heating plants to a network in order to improve the supply situation. In addition, two turbines from the 1950s were replaced.
The coal blocks are to be operated until 2030, which is criticized by climate protectors as not being sufficient for compliance with the Paris climate protection treaty . They are therefore calling for a faster coal exit .
Block 4
Unit 4 was built in 1994 and uses natural gas as fuel. It has a net output of 99 MW and is designed for peak electricity loads. In 2013, the Federal Network Agency classified it as systemically relevant for 24 months.
In 2017, Mainova expanded the power plant with a steam turbine (M5) and two auxiliary steam generators, as well as two heating condensers. These are mainly used to cover peak loads. In addition, CHP electricity production was increased through new extraction condensing turbines. As a result of the measures, not only steam but also heating water can now be fed into Frankfurt's district heating network.
Block overview
| block | El. Power in MW | Th. Power in MW | Commissioning | fuel | status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ? | ? | 1954 | unknown | shut down |
| 2 | 62 | 105 | 1990 | Hard coal | |
| 3 | 62 | 105 | 1990 | Hard coal | |
| 4th | 99 | 150 | 1994 | natural gas | Classification as systemically relevant |
| Steam turbine M5 | 39 | 0 | 2017 | ||
| Steam generator | 0 | 70 | 2017 | ||
| 2 heating capacitors | 0 | 250 | 2017 | ||
| total | 262 | 430 |
literature
- Franz Lerner (ed.), The active Frankfurt in economic life for three centuries , Gerd Ammelburg publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1955, pp. 332–335
- Volker Rödel: Civil engineering in Frankfurt am Main 1806–1914 , pp. 148–160. Frankfurt am Main 1983. Societäts-Verlag, ISBN 3-7973-0410-2
Web links
- Power plant brochure. (PDF) Mainova, accessed on February 27, 2018 .
- Günter Murr: The West Frankfurt thermal power station wants to burn less coal in the future. fnp.de, May 28, 2014, accessed September 29, 2016 .
- Electricity and heat from Frankfurt am Main. (PDF) mainova.de, 2011, accessed on September 29, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ A lot of mercury in the estate. fr-online.de, May 2, 2014, archived from the original on October 3, 2016 ; accessed on September 29, 2016 .
- ↑ Demo for coal exit . In: Frankfurter Rundschau , December 10, 2018. Accessed January 9, 2019.
- ↑ Approval notification from the Federal Network Agency in accordance with Section 13c, Paragraph 1, Clause 6 on systemically relevant gas power plants. (PDF) Federal Network Agency , November 2013, accessed on September 29, 2016 .
- ↑ Mainova, information sheet for public information (PDF)