Henricus Regius

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Henricus Regius

Henricus Regius (also Hendrik de Roy or Henry de Roy ; born July 29, 1598 in Utrecht , † February 19, 1679 ibid) was a Dutch philosopher and physician .

Life

From the marriage of Justus de Roy in Utrecht and Tilia geb. Wikersloot was born on July 29, 1598 to a son who was given the name Hendrik. His father died at an early age, so that the boy was brought up by Hadrianus de Roy, his uncle and member of the Utrecht magistrate and later the Admiralty of Middelburg in Zeeland . After attending the Utrecht School, Regius moved to Franeker in March 1616 to study law.

During a stay in Middelburg, where a cousin lived, he came into contact with medicine for the first time through the doctor Petrus Betemannus. This first impression was so lasting that Regius decided to change faculties. On October 23, 1617 he enrolled in the medical faculty of the University of Groningen , but continued to study at the University of Leiden . Here he heard Johannes Heurnius , Reinerius Bontius and Everhardius Voetius .

After studying for a few years, he went on a study trip that initially took him to Paris and Montpellier, where he a. a. heard the doctor and pharmacologist Lazare Rivière (1589–1655). On the onward journey to Padua he was robbed by highwaymen, so that he - penniless - was forced to join the French army. As a soldier he came to Valencia , but was able to continue his journey after receiving money from home. So he had the opportunity to study at the University of Padua , which had a very prestigious medical faculty and where Vesalius and Galilei had taught and William Harvey received his doctorate, and received his doctorate in medicine there on March 29, 1623.

After his return to Holland, Regius practiced for a short time in an East Frisian village, but soon (1625) went to Utrecht, where he was appointed city doctor. In 1630 he moved to Naarden to practice medicine and became principal of a Latin grammar school . Since at that time almost all universities were Reformed Protestant, all professors had to confess to this church. Regius refused, however, so that he got into difficulties with the accusation of Arminianism , which were only settled after lengthy disputes with the church council.

In 1634 he returned to Utrecht and married Maria de Swert on January 21, 1634. From this marriage there were three sons and two daughters, but they all died early. His wife died on January 25, 1670.

Under the influence of his neighbor in the Ouden Munstertrans in Utrecht, Henricus Renerius, professor at the philosophy faculty of the University of Utrecht , he got to know the new anti-Aristotelian teachings of Descartes better. It was Renerius who arranged contact between Regius and Descartes. Also with Renerius' help, Regius was appointed professor extraordinary at the two-year-old University of Utrecht on July 10, 1638 and full professor on March 18, 1639. At that time he was teaching theoretical medicine and botany. Renerius died on March 16, 1639. From then on Regius took over his task of spreading Cartesian teaching at the University of Utrecht. But since Descartes' Catholicism and his teaching was forbidden because of this church membership, Regius drew himself through this and especially through the way in which he attacked the traditional models of thought, the anger and hostility of the with his high-spirited demeanor and his mockery of the scholastic teachings Gisbertus Voetius too. This dispute dragged on for several years and reached its climax in 1641.

During his professorship, Regius had Harvey's teachings defended at the University of Utrecht and publicly argued against Jacobus Primerosius , a physician and author from Hull in England, in a paper dated June 10, 1640.

In the course of his professorship, Regius held the office of rector twice , namely in 1649/50 and 1662/63. Up until the seventies of the 17th century his life was shaped by the quarrel with the Voetians and after the break with Descartes in 1646 also with the Cartesians.

When the Netherlands attacked by the French army in 1672 and Utrecht was conquered on November 13, 1673, Regius, at the advanced age of over 70, fled temporarily to Amsterdam.

With the withdrawal of the French troops from the Netherlands in November 1673, Utrecht was asked to pay a ransom of 450,000 guilders, which the city had to raise and with 14 hostages to vouch for the payment of this money. Among these hostages, all of whom were respected citizens of Utrecht, was the old Regius. They were deported to Rees near Bocholt on November 6th and were only freed again on February 4, 1674, as the ransom payment was dragged on by the city of Utrecht.

On February 19, 1679, the elderly Regius, who had suffered from kidney disease in the last years of his life, died lonely in Utrecht. He was buried on February 25, 1679 in the Catherijnekerk op de Lange Nieuwstraat next to his opponent Voetius, who had already died on November 3, 1676.

Works (chronological)

Henricus Regius
  • Henrici Regii Medicinae Doctoris & Professoris Spongia Qua eluuntur sordes Animadversionum Quas Jacobus Primerosus Doctor Medicus Adversus Theses pro Circulatione Sanguinis in Academia Ultrajectina Disputatas nuper editit. Luguduni Batavorum, Ex officina Wilhelmi Christiani, Sumptibus Joannis Maire, 1640
  • Physiologica, sive cognitio sanitatis, tribus disputationibus in Academia Trajectina publice proposita. Traj. 1641
  • Responsio seu notae in appendicem ad corllaria theologico-philosophica. Traj. 1642
  • Henrici Regii Ultrajectini Fundamenta Physices. Amstelodami, apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, cum fig.
  • Fundamenta Medica. Ultrajecti, apud Theodorum Ackersdijcum, 1647
  • Brevis Explicatio Mentis Humanae, sive Animae rationalis, ubi explicatur quid sit, & quid esse possit.
  • De Affectibus Animi Dissertatio. Trajecti ad Rhenum, Typis Theodorie from Ackersdijck, & Gisberti a Zijll, 1650
  • Hortus Academicus Ultrajectinus. Trajecti, 1650
  • Philosophia Naturalis, Ed. 2a, Amstelodami, apud Ludovicium Elzevirium, 1654
  • Brevis Explicatio Mentis Humanae, sive animae rationalis; antea publico examini proposita, et deinde opera Henr. Regii nonnihil dilucidata, et a notis cartesii vindicata; (Ed.postrema auctior et emendatior, ad calumviarum rejectionem, nunc evulgata). Trajecti ad Rhenum, Typis Theodorie from Ackersdijck & Gisberti a Zijll, 1657
  • Praxis Medica, Medicationem Exemplis Demonstrata. Edditio secunda, priore multo locupletior & emendatior. Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1657 Ed. 2a
  • Henrici Regii Ultrajectini Medicinae Libri IV. Editio secunda, Priore locupletior & emendatior. Trajecti ad Rhenum, Typis Theodori from Ackersdijck, & Gisberti à Zijll, (2nd print of the "Fundamenta Physices", 1646, 3rd print 1668)
  • Henrici Regii Ultrajectini Conciliato Locorum S. Sccripturae Cum Diurna & Annua Telluris Circumrotatione. Trajecti ad Rhenum, Typis Theodorie from Ackersdijck, & Gisberti à Zijll, 1658
  • Epistola Henrici Regii Ad V.Cl. Clerselierum, JCtum Parisienensem. Trajecti ad Rhenum, Typis Theodorie from Ackersdijck, & Gisberti à Zijll, 1661
  • Philosophia Naturalis In Qua Tota Rerum Universitas, Per Clara Et Facilia Principia, Explanatur.Editio 3a, cum eff. et cart. Amselodami, apud Ludovicium et Dan. Elzevirium, 1661 (With portrait of the author by Bloemaert)
  • H. Regii Medicina et Praxis Medica, Medicationem Exemplis Demonstrata. Editio 3a., Prioribus locupletior emendatior, Frankfurti ad Rhenum, 1668
  • Philosophy Naturelle de Henri le Roy. Traduite de Latin en francois, Utrecht, chez Rodolphe van Zijll, 1687

swell

  • Horst B. Hohn: De Affectibus Animi 1650 - Henricus Regius and his relationship to contemporary philosophers . Contributions to the history of medicine in Cologne, 1990
  • Marinus Johannes Antonie de Vrijer: Henricus Regius - Een cartesiaansch hoogleraar aan de Utrechtsche hogeschool. 1917
  • Klaus Dechange: The early natural philosophy of Henricus Regius (Utrecht 1641). Dissertation Münster 1966, Institute for the History of Medicine

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Axel W. Bauer : Rivière (Riverius), Lazare. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1254.
  2. ↑ Ulrich Niewöhner-Desbordes: Regius, Henricus. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1226.
  3. ↑ J. Primerosius: De vulgi erroribus in medicina. Rotterdam 1658.
personal data
SURNAME Regius, Henricus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES de Roy, Hendrik; de Roy, Henry
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch philosopher and physician
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1598
PLACE OF BIRTH Utrecht
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1679
Place of death Utrecht