Hermann Euler (dentist)

Hermann Euler (born May 13, 1878 in Carlsberg (Palatinate) , † April 17, 1961 in Cologne ) was a German dentist .

biography

Euler studied at the Universities of Erlangen , Heidelberg and Freiburg . In Erlangen he joined the Baruthia Corps . In 1902 he received his doctorate , his dissertation was entitled: On the course of gastric digestion .

From 1902 to 1904 he worked as an assistant doctor at the Middle Franconian sanatorium in Erlangen. From 1905 to 1911 he was an assistant at the Dental University Institute in Heidelberg. In 1907 he completed his habilitation under Gottlieb Port with the thesis Pulpentod, natural and synthetic adrenal preparations in the field of dentistry .

In 1911 Euler accepted an appointment as associate professor at the University of Erlangen. Together with Gottlieb Port, he wrote the textbook on dentistry in 1915 . Under the name “Port-Euler”, it became a standard scientific work in several editions over many decades for generations of students and dentists. In 1921, Euler was appointed full professor at the University of Göttingen . From 1924 he taught as director of the Dental Institute at the University of Wroclaw . In 1932 he was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

Euler, who has been a member of the National Socialist Teachers 'Association (NSLB) since 1933 , since 1934 a member of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV), the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) and the National Socialist Old Men’s Association , since 1937 (after the suspension of membership), a member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( NSDAP) with membership number 4.660.341 and since 1938 a member of the National Socialist German Medical Association (NSDÄB) and the National Socialist German Lecturers Association (which emerged from the National Socialist Teachers' Association in 1935 as an independent organization) , was dean of the medical faculty at the university Breslau (1933–36) was responsible for extensive “cleanups” at the faculty. For example, according to a protocol dated March 9, 1934, Euler's recommendation was to “eliminate” 15 out of 20 “non-Aryan” university lecturers from the medical faculty.

Since 1928 president of the German Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine (DGZMK), in 1938 he accepted the dental working group for medical-biological healing methods, which he himself joined. In 1945 he received an emergency job at Leipzig University until June 1946. Euler wrote his memoir in 1949 under the title Memoirs of a Teacher of Dentistry . In 1945 he was re-elected provisional president of the DGZMK and remained so until 1954. He then took up a teaching position at the University of Cologne that existed until 1952 as a visiting professor , after giving guest lectures there since 1947.

From 1949 to 2006, the DGZMK honored particularly deserving and outstanding personalities with the Hermann Euler Medal every year. Because of Euler's proven "involvement in the National Socialist cleansing operations" at the University of Wroclaw, this award has not been given his name since then. The former Hermann Euler Society, an association for advanced dental training, also changed its name.

Honors

• 1953: Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
• Honorary presidency of the German Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine (DGZMK)
• Foundation of a Hermann Euler plaque by the DGZMK
• Establishment of a Hermann Euler Society
• Since 1955, the Hermann Euler Medal has been regularly awarded to outstanding specialist representatives
• 1957 honored with the highly respected Miller Prize
• 1959 honorary doctorate from the University of Leipzig
• double-digit number of honorary memberships awarded to him in professional societies at home and abroad

The DGZMK advocates the renaming of prizes, medals and institutions which, according to new knowledge, are named after National Socialists. Therefore, also with regard to Hermann Euler, the prizes and institutions named after him were subsequently revoked. The Hermann Euler Medal was renamed the DGZMK Medal in 2005 by the DGZMK.

literature

• HJ Staehle, WU Eckart : Hermann Euler as a representative of dental science during the Nazi era. In: Dtsch Zahnärztl. Z. 60, 2005, pp. 677-694.
• HJ Staehle, WU Eckart: Hermann Euler versus Otto Riesser - two contradicting biographies before, during and after the era of National Socialism. In: Dtsch Zahnärztl Z. 63, 2008, pp. 36–52.
• Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 (= Fischer. 16048). updated edition, 2nd edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
• D. Gross , M. Schmidt, E. Schwanke: Dental professional representatives in the “Third Reich” and after 1945 in the mirror of the memoirs of Hermann Euler (1878–1961) and Carl-Heinz Fischer (1909–1997). In: M. Krischel, M. Schmidt, D. Gross (eds.): Medical specialist societies in National Socialism. Inventory and perspectives. (= Medicine and National Socialism. 4). Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-643-13269-7 , pp. 129–171.

Web links

• Literature by and about Hermann Euler in the catalog of the German National Library
• Photo with biographical notes
• Euler and National Socialism

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 25, 706
2. ↑ Matthis Krischel, Mathias Schmidt, Dominik Groß (Eds.) Medical Societies in National Socialism - Inventory and Perspectives, In: Medicine and National Socialism, Volume 4, LIT Verlag Dr. W. Hopf, Berlin, 2016, ISBN 978-3-643-13269-7 , p. 140.
3. ↑ Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai, Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: pp. 514 and 525 f.
4. ↑ Ekkhard Häussermann: Graves without names, German dentists 1933–1945. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dental communications . 100, No. 6 A, March 16, 2010, p. 124 (796). Retrieved August 31, 2015. 
5. ↑ Publication of the award in the Federal Gazette 191/1953
6. ↑ Statement by Prof. Dr. Roland Frankenberger, President of the DGZMK, on ​​the occasion of the PK "Dentistry and Dentists under National Socialism" , DGZMK press release, November 28, 2019. Accessed on February 3, 2020.