Herrand II of Wildon
Herrand von Wildon (also Herrand II. Von Wildonie; * around 1230 Wildon ; † around 1278) was a Styrian poet, ministerial and politician of the 13th century (documented from 1248 to 1278). His literary work includes love songs and poetry. He is considered to be the first aristocratic amateur who was also active in the novelistic genre.
Life
Herrand was the son of Ulrich I († ~ 1262) and politically followed his father's line. In 1258 he was a supporter of Bishop Ulrich von Seckau , who was allied with the Hungarians, in his fight against Philipp von Spanheim and suffered the defeat at Radstadt with Ulrich. After the extinction of the Babenbergs, he and his father turned away from Béla IV in 1259 and supported the Bohemian King Ottokar II in the battle of Kressenbrunn in 1260 . But the problems with Bohemian rule began before 1262: Herrand and his father-in-law Ulrich von Liechtenstein were reported to the king by the Bohemian governor Wok von Rosenberg as "disgruntled". In 1265 they were banned from building castles and in 1268 in the conflict after the second Prussian move with his Brother Hartnid III. imprisoned as a conspirator. Other Styrian nobles (see e.g. Heinrich von Pfannberg ) were also affected by this action. The Wildonians had to cede their castles Eppenstein , Burg Alt-Gleichenberg and Primaresburg , of which the last two were razed. In 1276 we find Herrand in a prominent position as co-signer of the Reiner Oath , which heralded the beginning of the end of the Bohemian King. It does not seem surprising that Herrand finally turned down Ottokar altogether and became a supporter of Rudolf I of Habsburg .
During the political turmoil of the interregnum, Herrand changed fronts again and again: first as a supporter of Bela of Hungary, then Ottokar of Bohemia and finally Rudolf of Habsburg. At the time, many other Styrian rulers also pursued this strategy, presumably in order to maintain the greatest possible independence.
Herrand was - like his grandfather Herrand I before him - from 1267 to 1278 the truchess of the sovereign. In 1278 there was a dispute between the Wildon brothers over Waldstein and Primaresburg . Herrand received the Primaresburg and Hundsdorf ( Großstübing ), Waldstein and Übelbach fell to Hartnid.
Before 1260 he married Perchta, a daughter of Ulrich von Liechtenstein, which bound the two families who were already politically connected even more closely. From this connection two sons emerged: Herrand III. and Ulrich II. von Eppenstein, who, like his father and grandfather, held the office of a chief executive.
Literary work
By marrying Perchta, Herrand got Ulrich von Liechtenstein, a famous and talented poet, as his father-in-law. This probably inspired Herrand to develop his own literary work. When exactly Herrand's creative phase began is unknown, as no indications of this can be found either in his literary work or in other records; According to the life data, a beginning in the 1250s would be possible. The close connection between Herrand's poetic work shows the influence of Ulrich von Liechtenstein, but the knitter also had an effect on Herrand's poetry.
Lore
From a presumably larger lyrical work only 3 songs have survived. These were recorded under the name Der von Wildonie in the Codex Manesse (Cod. Pal. Germ. 848) ( Heidelberg University Library ) on page 201r-v. The inclusion in this prominent song manuscript from the first half of the 14th century shows the great importance of the poet Herrands von Wildon, who after his death also achieved great fame beyond the national borders.
Herrand's narrative texts can be found in an equally prominent work, namely the Ambraser Heldenbuch ( Cod. Ser. Nova 2663) on pages 217r to 220v. In addition, Herrand is mentioned in Hugo von Trimberg's Renner alongside personalities such as Heinrich von Morungen and Walther von der Vogelweide . There he is noted because of the morally valuable message of his songs.
stories
Herrand is an important and influential writer of epic texts. A total of four works have survived:
- Diu Getriu kone (The faithful wife)
- The deranged landlord (the betrayed husband)
- From the blôzen keiser (The naked emperor)
- From the cats (The cat)
These four verse narratives take up a narrative material that is widespread and well-known in Europe; the material for these texts was also edited by other German-speaking authors in the 13th century. The innovative thing about it, however, lies in the linguistic and narrative processing as well as in the choice of the genre, which at the time was very modern. In addition, his own sense of meaning, which Herrand emphasizes in terms of class and restoration, distinguishes him from other contemporary authors. Since the author mentions all four works by name (“Herrant von Wildonie”), the authorship can be regarded as certain.
Diu Getriu kone (The Faithful Wife), a courtly fairy tale , is about a young woman who pokes an eye out of love for her old husband, who was injured in the war, in order to be closer to him. The wife is shown here as the ideal image of the loyal wife and a spiritual bond that is to be striven for in marriage is glorified.
In contrast to this, the woman is presented as a deceitful wife in the Schwankmärter Der Verkêrte Wirt (The betrayed husband). With the help of various lists, she can cunningly convince her ugly old husband of her innocence and ultimately makes him feel like the wrong man. Thematic similarities can be for example in the Decameron or in the German Versnovelle from the with string priests find .
The historical example story / parable Von dem blôzen keiser (The naked emperor) deals with a political topic: The emperor Gorneus is shown by an angel disguised as a doppelganger how a righteous ruler has to act, and leads the real emperor back on the right path . On the basis of this narrative, Herrand specifies which wrongdoings make a bad gentleman; this topic can be well connected with the reality of Herrand's life, since he had to serve various rulers throughout his life.
The Bispel Von der katzen (The Cat) is also based on a political theme: in search of a more powerful lover, the tomcat leaves his cat, but in the end has to return to his wife. After his visit to the sun, the cat is referred to allegedly ever more powerful protagonists such as the fog, the wind, the wall and then to the mouse, who nevertheless only fears one thing, namely his wife, the cat. According to the author, this story should be read as a warning to remain loyal to his original feudal man, which in turn appears understandable when referring to Herrand's own background.
The following text example, the final lines from The Cat, is about the return of the cat to the cat and recommends in a more general piece of advice to remain loyal to the original master and to serve him loyally.
He thinks: “If I stayed there,
I would still have the triuwe mîn
and would like to be ez still beezzert.”
He goes home, and he finds
the herren sîn in solher ger, so
that in fürbaz he hats for vol, to
which should be heard he wants to serve;
and lâze al sînen übermuot
and have the cats sîn for gout.
den rât iu râtet called Herrant von Wildonie
.
New High German translation
He thinks: "If I had stayed there,
I would still be considered loyal
and would have had it much better for a long time."
He moves to his home country, and if he
meets his master there, who is ready
to recognize him immediately,
he should let him Serve the Lord well
and leave aside all his arrogance -
and he hold on to that of his cat.
This advice is given to you by Herrand,
called that of Wildon.
Poetry
Due to the mention of Herrand in the Renner , it can be assumed that the lyrical work must have been more extensive than it is known today.
How popular Herrand's lyrical work itself was in the Middle Ages can be seen from the extraordinary tradition in the Codex Manesse
illustrated. Some peculiarities of the recording on page 201v of the manuscript indicate that song 3 was only added at a later point in time: This can be recognized, for example, by the Lombard W (first letter of the first word of the first stanza of the third song), which is the ornament lines of the The previous Lombard A covers and intersects (compare the illustration opposite). This clearly contradicts the method of recording in the rest of the Codex. From this it can be concluded that the writer of the manuscript looked for further material by the poet during the creation process, actually found another song and was able to insert this in the left-free part of the page. This subsequent addition can be seen as an indication that the Styrian poet was also viewed outside Austria and that his poetry was so popular that decades after his death, work was still being carried out on the most complete possible transmission of his lyrical work.
The three short minnesongs still preserved generally follow the tradition of high court minne poetry .
The first of the three songs ( Lieber sumer ) can best be assigned to the winter song , but has some peculiarities that contradict a clear classification: Instead of the obligatory complaint of the lyrical ego about the pain of love, the second verse shows the birds, who were hard hit by the winter to speak. Finally, those who defy winter and behave honorably are praised.
The second of the traditional songs ( Des meien zît ) corresponds to the type of the May song; Both the cheerful May season and the beauty of the beloved are sung about.
The last song recorded ( Wir suln hôhen muotempfâhen ) also praises a beautiful and honorable woman after a natural entrance.
The symmetrical shape of all the songs, the vein rhythmic structure and the tristrophy, which was also the most popular with most of the other minstrels of the time, clearly shows that the songs were intended for a vocal performance. The melodies were not recorded, however - which was not common in the early days of minnesong tradition.
In the following excerpt from the text, verse 3 of the first song (Cod. Pal. Germ. 848, 201v), the lyrical I in the role of the bird praises the honorable people and wishes them a happy and blessed life.
Verse 3 (see picture opposite)
Wol in, die nu tugent and êre minnen,
wol in, die nu rehter triuwen walden!
I praise them with all my senses
and wish in, daz sî with saelden alden.
ez sî man ald sî a wîp,
saelic müezens iemer sîn,
gêret sî ir lîp!
New High German translation
Happy those people to whom virtue
and honorable behavior are now dear, happy them
who now call true loyalty their own!
I
praise them out of my fullest conviction and wish them that they
may grow old in happiness and blessings
- whether man or woman they are always
truly happy and respected!
The characteristic of Herrand's narrative texts, the conservative attitude and a clear didactic message, are also evident in his Minnelieder. As the last stanza of the first song shows, the obvious one usually conceals another level of meaning that can only be perceived at second glance. In addition to conventional Minnesota motifs, such as singing about nature and beautiful women, there is also a politically tinged level of meaning. Similar to Herrand's verses, a moral-ethical statement can be made out, which in turn alludes to the relationship between employer and employee. This is particularly evident through the emphasis and glorification of fidelity and virtue. This double coding of the Minneongs, which, as already mentioned, can be explained by Herrand's own experiences in politics and can be demonstrated in both the epic and lyrical texts, clearly sets Herrand von Wildon apart from his contemporaries.
Aftermath
In addition to the sources already mentioned ( Codex Manesse, Ambraser Heldenbuch, Der Renner ), the narrative work of Herrand in particular has had a major impact. Influences on literary testimonies or other types of projects can be found up to the present day. For example, in the course of the Styrian Literature Paths of the Middle Ages, a path was set up for the poet with the cat as its theme. The tour is located in Herrand's birthplace, Wildon, and opened in 2012.
Inspired by this project, the anthology Literary Locations was created in 2015 . It contains a wide variety of texts by contemporary authors (such as Gerhard Roth or Andreas Unterweger) that were directly inspired by the literary topics of the Styrian Literature Path. Herrand von Wildon, for example, dedicated an allusive text to Christian Teissl with The Interrupted Journey , which deals with the themes of Herrand's verses.
In the Styrian Provincial Archives , the exhibition was from May 2016 to July 2018 dense living (Andreas Kurz man be visited in the next Herrand other Styrian poet Philip Seitz , Ulrich von Liechtenstein and Hugo von Montfort ) had their say.
literature
- Michael Curschmann: Herrand von Wildon. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 681 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Michael Curschmann: Herrand von Wildonie . In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. (= Author's lexicon. 3rd ed. By Kurt Ruh). Berlin, New York: de Gruyter 1981., pp. 1144-1147.
- Wernfried Hofmeister: The Styrian minstrels. Edition, translation, commentary. (= Göppingen work on German studies. 472.) Göppingen: Kümmerle 1987.
- Wernfried Hofmeister: The courage to gap: On the trail of text supplements in the Manessian song manuscript. A contribution to a 'traditional philology' of the Middle Ages. In: Origin and types of medieval poetry manuscripts. (= Yearbook for International German Studies. A. 52). Bern, Berlin, Brussels, Frankfurt a. M., New York, Oxford, Vienna: Peter Lang 2001. pp. 79-106.
- Wernfried Hofmeister: Herrand von Wildon. The cat. (= Texts on the Styrian Medieval Literature Paths. 3.) Graz: University Association of Styrian Medieval Literature Paths 2012.
- Fritz Peter Knapp: The literature of the early and high Middle Ages in the dioceses of Passau, Salzburg, Brixen and Trient from the beginning to the year 1273. (= history of literature in Austria from the beginning to the present. Ed. By Herbert Zeman. Vol. I.). Graz: Academic Printing and Publishing Company 1994.
- Anton Mell: Outline of the constitutional and administrative history of Styria. Graz, Vienna, Leipzig: University bookstore Leuschner & Lubensky 1929.
- Volker Zapf: Herrand von Wildonie. In: Epic (verse - strophe - prose) and small forms (= German Literature Lexicon. The Middle Ages. 5th Ed. By Wolfgang Achnitz). Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter 2013., pp. 679–684.
Web links
- Digitized version of the Codex Manesse
- Digitized version of the Ambraser Heldenbuch
- Link to the # Dichterleben exhibition
- Herrand von Wildon on Twitter
- Link to "Literary Locations"
- Link to the Styrian Literature Paths of the Middle Ages
- That of Wildonie
Individual evidence
- ^ Anton Mell: Outline of the constitutional and administrative history of Styria . University bookstore Leuschner & Lubensky, Graz, Vienna, Leipzig 1969, p. 681 .
- ↑ a b c Fritz Peter Knapp: The literature of the early and high Middle Ages in the dioceses of Passau, Salzburg, Brixen and Trient . In: Herbert Zeman (Hrsg.): History of literature in Austria from the beginnings to the present . tape 1 . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1994, p. 539 .
- ↑ a b c Michael Curschmann: Herrand von Wildonie . In: Kurt Ruh (Ed.): Author's Lexicon . tape 3 . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, p. 1144 .
- ^ Fritz Peter Knapp: The literature of the early and high Middle Ages in the dioceses of Passau, Salzburg, Brixen and Trient from the beginning up to the year 1273 . In: Herbert Zeman (Hrsg.): History of literature in Austria from the beginnings to the present . tape 1 . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1994, p. 539 .
- ^ Anton Mell: Outline of the constitutional and administrative history of Styria . Ed .: Historical Provincial Commission for Styria. Verlag der Universitäts-Buchhandlung Leuschner & Lubensky, Graz - Vienna - Leipzig 1929, p. 20 ( literature.at ).
- ↑ a b c d e f Volker Zapf: Herrand von Wildonie . In: Wolfgang Achnitz (ed.): Epic (verse - stanza - prose and small forms) . tape 5 . de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2013, p. 679 .
- ↑ a b Wernfried Hofmeister: Herrand von Wildon. The cat . In: Texts on the Styrian Literature Paths of the Middle Ages . tape 3 . University Association of Styrian Medieval Literature Paths, Graz 2012.
- ↑ Wernfried Hofmeister: The courage to gap. On the trail of text supplements in the Mannessian song manuscript . In: Yearbook for International German Studies . tape 52 . Peter Lang, Bern / Berlin / Brussels / Frankfurt a. M. / New York / Oxford / Vienna 2001, p. 92 .
- ^ Alfred Kracher: Herrand von Wildonie. Politician, novelist and minstrel . In: Blätter für die Heimatkunde . 1959, p. 50 .
- ↑ a b Wernfried Hofmeister: The Styrian minnesingers. Edition, translation, commentary . In: Göppingen work on German studies . tape 472 . Kümmerle, Göppingen 1987, p. 82-102 .
- ↑ JW Thomas: The Tales and Songs of Herrand von Wildonie. Translated into English Verse with an Introduction. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington 1972.
- ↑ " Literary Locations"
- ↑ # Dichterleben - Medieval tweets from Styria. In: literaturpfade.uni-graz.at. Retrieved April 17, 2019 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Herrand II. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wildonie, Herrand of |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Styrian ministerial, politician and minstrel |
| DATE OF BIRTH | before 1245 |
| DATE OF DEATH | after 1278 |