Ear hawkweed
| Ear hawkweed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Horned Hawkweed ( Hieracium lactucella ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hieracium lactucella | ||||||||||||
| Wallr. |
The Geöhrte hawkweed ( Hieracium lactucella ) is a plant from the genus of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is native to large parts of Europe and occurs as a neophyte in eastern North America .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The horned hawkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 9 to 35 centimeters. The upright stems are covered with fine and rough, occasionally glandular, 0.1 to 0.2 centimeter long hair and have a glandular and star-like hairy base.
At the base of the stem there are five to eight, sometimes more basal leaves , while there are no leaves or up to two or more leaves on the stem. The leaf blade is at a length of 1.5 to 4 centimeters, and a width of 0.5 to 1.2 centimeters to spatulate upside-lanceolate with wedge-shaped Spreitenbasis and rounded or tapered Spreitenspitze. The margins of the spread are whole. Both the underside and the upper side of the leaf are bare or covered with 0.1 to 0.3 cm long, coarse hairs, with those on the upper side being bristly or star-like.
Generative characteristics
The heyday begins in Germany in early summer; the total flowering time in Germany lasts four months from May to August. In North America, the flowering period extends from May to July.
The inflorescence shaft is star-like and hairy glandular. The more or less umbel-like total inflorescence usually contains two to five, occasionally more cup-shaped partial inflorescences. It also happens that flower heads stand individually on the inflorescence shafts. The hemispherical involucre with a diameter of 0.6 to 0.8 centimeters contains 16 to 21 or more on the underside with glandular star hairs covered bracts with a pointed upper end. The flower heads contain 40 to 60 or more ray florets. The yellow ray-flowers are around 0.8 inches long.
The achenes are columnar with a length of 0.1 to 0.25 centimeters. The pappus consists of a row with 25 to 40 white bristles, which are 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters long.
The basic chromosome number is x = 9. There is diploidy or triploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 18 or 27.
ecology
The eared hawkweed is an overwintering green, mesomorphic hemicryptophyte .
The pollination occurs by insects or by self-pollination ; there is also seed formation without pollination. The spread of the diaspores , it is the achenes, takes place through the spread of wind, Velcro and ants spread.
Occurrence and endangerment
The natural range of the horned hawkweed covers large parts of Europe. It is originally found in Spain, Andorra, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Italy, Sardinia, Corsica, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Hungary, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland , Russia, Poland, the Baltic States, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus. Hieracium lactucella occurs as a neophyte in the US state of New York and in Nova Scotia .
The horned hawkweed thrives in North America at altitudes of 10 meters upwards, where it grows in fields and pastures. In Central Europe it is a character species of the order Nardetalia, especially in societies of the Violion Association, but also occurs in Molinieten or in Caricetum fuscae. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to over 2000 meters.
In 1996, in the red list of endangered plant species in Germany, the horned hawkweed was rated as category 3 = "endangered".
Systematics
Two subspecies can be distinguished:
- Pilosella lactucella (Wallr.) PD Sell & C. West subsp. lactucella
- Pilosella lactucella subsp. nana (Scheele) M. Laínz : It occurs in Spain, Andorra, France, Italy and Corsica.
Taxonomy
It was first described as Hieracium lactucella in 1822 by Karl Friedrich Wallroth in Schedulae Criticae , number 1, page 408. Synonyms for Hieracium lactucella Wallr. are Hieracium acutisquamum Üksip , Hieracium auricula var. acutisquamum Nyár. and Pilosella lactucella (Wallr.) PDSell & C.West . The specific epithet lactucella means lettuce-like.
swell
- John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Hieracium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae-Anthemideae). Volume 19. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , Hieracium (English, Hieracium lactucella - online - this work is online with the same text.). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Hieracium lactucella Wallr., Geöhrtes Hawkweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d e f g John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Hieracium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae-Anthemideae). Volume 19. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , Hieracium (English, Hieracium lactucella - online - this work is online with the same text.).
- ↑ a b c Ear hawkweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ Hieracium lactucella at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d Pilosella lactucella (Wallr.) PD Sell & C. West. In: The Euro + Med PlantBase Project. www.bgbm.org, accessed on April 15, 2017 (English).
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 1000 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 694.
- ↑ Hieracium lactucella at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved April 6, 2017.
Web links
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Flora of Germany - A Picture Database , Version 3.25.
- Gerhard Nitter: data sheet with photos.
- Günther Blaich: data sheet with photos.