High-tech strategy
The federal government's high-tech strategy was first drawn up in 2006. It defines the priorities of research policy. It was further developed in 2010 and 2014.
The high-tech strategy is intended to make a contribution to the attractiveness of European research locations.
As part of the high-tech strategy, the federal government increased its R&D expenditure in the period from 2000 to 2013 from 8.5 billion euros to 14 billion euros.
The Lisbon strategy had previously been adopted in 2010 by the European heads of state and government . The aim of this initiative was to create a European Research Area and to increase R&D spending in the EU to 3% of gross domestic product .
High-tech strategy from 2006
The high-tech strategy from 2006 provided for the first time a comprehensive coordination of innovation policy action in Germany across departmental boundaries.
Focus:
- Innovations for a healthy and safe life
- Health and Medical Technology
- Security technology
- plants
- Energy technologies
- Environmental technologies
- Innovations for a communicative and mobile life
- Information and communicationtechnology
- Vehicle and traffic technology
- Aviation technology
- Space technology
- Maritime technology
- Services
- Innovations through cross-sectional technologies
- nanotechnology
- biotechnology
- Microsystem technology
- Optical technology
- Material technology
- Production technology
With the high-tech strategy 2006, a comprehensive and cross-departmental cluster strategy was also implemented for the first time .
High-tech strategy for climate protection from 2007
In addition, a high-tech strategy for climate protection was adopted in 2007.
Aims:
- enable reliable medium and long-term climate forecasts
- Get to know the interaction between the biogeosphere and the climate
- Research on adaptation to climate change
- Develop control factors for climate protection and climate adaptation
High-tech strategy "2020" from 2010
In contrast to the first high-tech strategy, the focus in 2010 was not on fields of technology, but on fields of demand.
Solutions to global challenges should be found in five areas of need:
- Climate / energy
- Health / nutrition
- mobility
- safety
- communication
(The Alliance of Science Organizations has published brochures on each of the 5 fields of need.)
The high-tech strategy was intended to make Germany a pioneer in solving these global challenges and to provide answers to the questions of the 21st century.
Examples of prioritized topics:
- The CO 2 -neutral, energy-efficient and climate-adapted city
- Intelligent conversion of the energy supply
- Renewable raw materials as an alternative to oil
- Treat diseases better with individualized medicine
- More health through targeted nutrition
- Lead a self-determined life even in old age
- One million electric vehicles in Germany by 2020
- More effective protection for communication networks
- Use more internet with less energy consumption
- Making the world's knowledge digitally accessible and tangible
- Tomorrow's world of work and organization
New high-tech strategy from 2014
While research policy was previously coordinated between industry and science, civil society has now been defined as a third actor.
The committee that accompanies the high-tech strategy and advises the federal government has therefore been expanded accordingly. From 2006 to 2013, this task was in the hands of the Research Union, which consisted of business and science representatives. The high-tech forum took on this task in 2014 .
The share of R&D expenditure in Germany in 2013 was 2.9%. The Lisbon criterion has thus been almost reached.
With the help of the new high-tech strategy, Germany is to become the global innovation leader. The priorities are to continue to focus on fields in which contributions can be made to solving global challenges.
| The six priority future tasks: | Main focus |
|---|---|
| 1. Digital economy and society |
|
| 2. Sustainable business and energy |
|
| 3. Innovative working environment |
|
| 4. Healthy life |
|
| 5. Smart mobility |
|
| 6. Civil security |
|
criticism
Opposition politicians from the SPD and Bündnis90 / Die Grünen criticized in 2010 that, contrary to the information provided by the federal government, most of the funds for energy research in the High-Tech Strategy 2020 were not earmarked for renewable energies, but for the dismantling of nuclear energy and for Nuclear fusion, which will make no contribution to the energy supply in the next few decades.
The weekly magazine Der Spiegel reported in 2013 that the Expert Commission on Research and Innovation (EFI) saw “no reason for complacency” because important projects of the high-tech strategy had failed.
Research policy geared to areas of need
- In 2008 the term Grand Challenges first appeared as part of an overall strategy for science policy. A group of experts should develop a comprehensible justification for EU research funding.
- In 2009, the European Research Area Board (ERAB) was set up, an advisory board that should accompany the European Union in the long term. There is a European research area outlined, that of social needs is driven (ger .: "driven by societal needs ").
- At about the same time, the "Lund Declaration" was adopted, in which various stakeholders from science, politics and industry agreed on the appeal "Europe must focus on the Grand Challenges of Our Time".
- As part of the Lisbon Treaties, the EU made the creation of a European Research Area an independent objective of the Union.
- With the framework program Horizon 2020, the EU divided the research funding under the three goals "Scientific excellence", "Leading role of industry" and "Great social challenges":
With a term from 2014 to 2020, the program is endowed with € 77 billion, Almost 40% of this, and thus the largest part, are due to the Great Social Challenges . - In 2010, the German Federal Government revised the high-tech strategy. This should make Germany a pioneer in solving global challenges .
- With its research strategy Progress NRW, NRW took up the discussion and decided that in addition to basic research, research funding should be concentrated along the major societal challenges .
- Since 2012, mastering the Great Societal Challenges has been the goal of research funding in Europe and the USA.
- The direction of this debate was influenced in 2015 by the report Welt im Wandel - Social Contract for a Great Transformation by the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) and the book “Transformative Science: Climate Change in the German Science and University System” by Uwe Schneidewind and Mandy Singer-Brodowski, in which essential changes in the science system are called for.
| ERAB (European Research Area Board 2009) |
Horizon 2020 (EU research program 2010) |
"Progress NRW" (Science Strategy NRW 2013) |
High-tech strategy "2020" → New high-tech strategy (Federal Government 2010 → 2014) |
|---|---|---|---|
| climate change | Climate protection, the environment, resource efficiency and raw materials | Climate protection, resource efficiency and raw materials | Climate / energy → Sustainable business and energy |
| energy supply | Safe, clean and efficient energy | Safe, clean and efficient energy supply | s. O. |
| healthcare | Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing | Health and well-being in demographic change | Health / Nutrition → Food Safety |
| aging | s. O. | s. O. | - |
| water resources | Food and food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine, maritime and limnological research and bio-economy | Supply of healthy food from sustainable production | s. O. |
| - | Smart, green and integrated transport | Smart, environmentally friendly and integrated mobility | Mobility → Intelligent Mobility |
| - | Safe societies - protecting the freedom and security of Europe and its citizens | Security, participation and social cohesion in times of social change | Security → Civil Security |
| - | Europe in a changing world: inclusive, innovative and reflective societies | - | - |
| sustainable prosperity | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | Communication → digital economy and society |
| - | - | - | - → Innovative working world |
Swell:
Individual evidence
- ↑ The High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany (PDF) by Helge Braun (Parliamentary State Secretary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research, p. 10
- ^ Statement by the Federal Government on the report on research, innovation and technological performance in Germany 2013 (PDF) German Bundestag, April 12, 2013, p. 5
- ↑ a b Accompanying research on the high-tech strategy - analysis of selected aspects - Lot 1: Economic analysis of the areas of need for the high-tech strategy , Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI,
- ↑ a b The High-Tech Strategy for Germany (PDF) Ed .: Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), 2006, 112 pages
- ^ The high-tech strategy for climate protection (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 2007, 52 pages
- ↑ a b ideas. Innovation. Growth, High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany ( Memento from March 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 2010, p. 5
- ↑ Brochures of the Alliance of Scientific Organizations / Alliance of Scientific Organizations , German Research Foundation, 2011 and 2012
- ↑ Ideas. Innovation. Growth, High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany ( Memento from March 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 2010, p. 6ff.
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 4
- ^ Cabinet adopts high-tech strategy , Die Bundesregierung, September 3, 2014
- ^ The research union economy - science
- ↑ Together for innovations , high-tech forum
- ^ The members ( Memento of August 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), Hightech-Forum
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy - Innovations for Germany (PDF) Expert Commission on Research and Innovation (EFI) report, 2015
- ↑ High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany - Balance Sheet and Prospects (PDF) German Bundestag, April 12, 2013
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 3
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 5
- ^ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 16f.
- ^ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 18ff.
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 22f.
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 24f.
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 26f.
- ↑ The new high-tech strategy, Innovations for Germany (PDF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), August 2014, p. 28f.
- ↑ The federal government's high-tech strategy has met with criticism , Ingenieur.de, October 22, 2010
- ↑ Gerald Traufetter: High-tech strategy: companies accuse Merkel of wrong future policies . Spiegel Online , April 23, 2013
- ↑ Report , Expert Commission for Research and Innovation (EFI) report, 2008–2016
- ↑ On the science policy discourse on major societal challenges (PDF) Wissenschaftsrat, April 2015, p. 8
- ^ A b c d e f g h i The contribution of science to dealing with major societal challenges , Rainer Lange, Office of the Science Council, Cologne, June 18, 2014
- ^ European Research Area Board in the English language Wikipedia
- ↑ Socio-Economic Benefits of ERA (PDF) European Research Area (ERA), undated
- ↑ Lund Declaration 2015: Europe should take on the great societal challenges , Federal Ministry of Education and Research, 2015
- ↑ Part III: Societal Challenges , Horizon 2020
- ↑ Great social challenges , Prof. Dr. Joachim Funke, Heidelberg Psychological Institute, May 15, 2015
- ↑ Research policy should help to master the great social challenges of the future , Minister Schulze: New research strategy should become the blueprint, December 10, 2012
- ↑ Prosperity through research ( Memento from May 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research: “The high-tech strategy formulates concrete research policy models and missions for these great social challenges”, April 2013
- ↑ Council Decision of 3 December 2013 establishing the specific program implementing Horizon 2020 , 20 December 2013
- ↑ 21st Century Grand Challenges ( memento of April 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), President Obama: “Grand Challenges are ambitious but achievable goals”, February 2, 2016
- ^ Transformative Science: Climate Change in the German Science and University System ( Memento from April 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), book review, rootAbility, May 7, 2013
- ^ Societal challenges , Horizon 2020 program structure, Part III
- ↑ Research Strategy Progress NRW, Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development 2013–2020 , July 5, 2013, 60 pages