City of the future

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The city ​​of the future describes a future picture of the living spaces in which the vast majority of the world's population will live and work. Humanity is entering a “millennium of cities ”. Already in 2009 half of the people lived in cities and in 2050 it will be 70-75%. The city and metropolitan regions should meet many challenges. These major societal challenges, such as coping with energy and climate problems or the aging society, should even be tackled primarily in urban areas.

Synonyms

As synonyms to the city of the future city of the future , Morgenstadt and smart cities mentioned. However, all of these terms have different emphases:

  • City of the future: The term is used e.g. T. used synonymously for city of the future. Mostly, however, it stands for an initiative of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the "Research for Sustainable Development" (FONA) program. Among other things, the BMBF 2015 put its annual science year under the motto "City of the Future" and launched a "City of the Future" competition in which 51 German cities, municipalities and districts were selected, a holistic one together with their citizens, science, local politics, business and administration and develop a sustainable vision 2030+. Over three phases, the visions are to be implemented in the real-world laboratory from 2018 onwards.
  • Smart cities : This is the name under which mainly technical development concepts are discussed, often with the participation of business experts.
  • Morgenstadt: This initiative was set up by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft together with other institutes to support the “vision of sustainable and livable cities”.

Situation in different parts of the world

In Asia and Latin America there are many large cities that are growing uncontrollably. Megacities like Mexico City , Tokyo or Shanghai are exploding, often because there is only work there.
Europe is facing an entirely different situation. In terms of the proportion of the urban population, Europe is ahead of global developments. Specifically, 74% of people living in Germany already urban conurbations. In the year 2050, a population share of 85% is expected. In the industrialized countries , urbanization has almost reached its peak today and, unlike in other regions of the world, there is a long tradition of urban planning in the western industrialized countries . In addition, cities with explosive growth can often hardly be governed.
90% of Europe's cities are already built, so this is not primarily about growth, but about renewal and modernization.

Mission statement

The aim is to create, maintain or increase the quality of life in a sustainable city ​​through a variety of measures.
Many municipalities in Germany are already on the demanding path to becoming a city of the future. It is generally recognized that sustainable social innovations can only be established together with the citizens . Because social acceptance as well as economic, ecological and social sustainability play a key role. At the same time, the aim is to implement the development at a speed that keeps pace with the rapidly changing framework conditions.

The following guiding principles were formulated:

  • Guiding principles of the bicycle and pedestrian accessible city ​​of all generations.
  • Guiding principles for economically, ecologically and socially sustainable urban development for all generations.
  • Guiding principles of a city ​​with short distances .
  • Guiding principles of a CO 2 -neutral , energy and resource-efficient , climate-adapted, adaptable, livable and social city.

Social challenges

City residents are all for four-fifths of greenhouse gases - emissions and therefore one of the main culprits of global warming . Conversely, they can do a lot to slow down global warming. That is why everyone who wants to do something for a sustainable way of life should try to win the cities over too. "The city is not the problem - the city is the solution", because as the earth's population grows , the growth of cities helps "not to ruin the planet".

energy

The trend towards decentralized energy supply z. B. through small, private block -type thermal power stations with combined heat and power , increases the efficiency of the energy sources oil and gas. Solar energy and geothermal energy can also be generated and used in cities. Even better than generating energy sustainably is to consume less energy, for example through better thermal insulation of buildings.

mobility

The city traffic causes 70 percent of air pollutant emissions and significant noise pollution . The goal is mobility that focuses on people and not a means of transport . Cars are tolerated in the city, but you shouldn't have to rely on them in everyday life.
The errands for daily needs should be able to take place in the immediate vicinity of the apartment in order to do justice to the city's short distances . Streets should become a meeting place again and connect the quarters instead of cutting them up.
A German employee commutes to and from work on average one and a half hours a day. The goal can therefore only be to bring living and working closer together again. And this is where urban planning comes into play, because "modern mobility is only possible in a densely populated city."

Role of urban production

On the one hand, with the decommissioning of many old industrial plants and the conversion of military barracks and track areas, urban areas will be freed up that are available to cities. On the other hand, the increasing urban and environmental compatibility of production processes enables an increased mix of functions in cities (living, working, training, trade, leisure, transport, etc.) despite increasing objective requirements (air pollution control planning, noise reduction planning). As a result, the importance of manufacturing companies in urban areas is increasing again.

City logistics

Although delivery traffic only accounts for a subordinate share (around 10 percent) of the total volume of traffic, its effects on traffic flow, infrastructure wear and tear, and noise and environmental pollution are considerable.
On the one hand, e-commerce will increase, and at the same time the traffic situation will worsen overall. This is why logistics concepts that are compatible with the city, conserve resources and the infrastructure are required to ensure mobility, economic dynamism, attractiveness and other location advantages and to achieve healthy urban development, the satisfaction of citizens and the settlement of companies.
The aging population is also increasing the demand for individualized product and service offers. For this reason, the approaches discussed but not implemented under the heading of city ​​logistics in the 1990s should be reassessed. As the basis for innovative logistics concepts, cross-company cooperation could play a key role.

Resource consumption

In cities around the world 80 percent of the global national product is generated, 70–75 percent of the energy is consumed, 75–80 percent of the CO 2 is emitted and 75 percent of the waste is generated - all of this with a global urban population of over 50%. Cities are therefore considered places of high resource consumption (raw materials, water, energy), high environmental pollution and sources of high CO 2 emissions. However, the specific emissions per inhabitant are often lower [Beckmann]. This supposed contradiction can be explained by the industrial production that takes place within the city limits. With little industrialization, the population of Berlin has an astonishingly good CO 2 balance with less than 6 tons of CO 2 per inhabitant per year and is around 40 percent cheaper than the national average. The environmental balance of a city dweller is also better because the apartments are usually smaller and require less energy for heating, cooling and lighting than individual houses in the suburbs. Most importantly, city dwellers drive less cars. In cities such as B. New York, CO 2 emissions and energy consumption per capita are significantly below the national average.

Urban climate

Big city dwellers will suffer particularly badly from the consequences of climate change in the future. To counteract this, urban overheating is to be reduced and targeted cold air corridors are to be built up. Traffic-calmed areas and green spaces contribute to a pleasant microclimate , especially in summer . That is why the magic word is “ unsealing ” when it comes to urban vegetation .

Demographics

For Germany, an increase in precarious income in old age is foreseeable. That is why demands for accessibility in cities and short distances for daily errands are obvious. In addition, affordable housing for socially disadvantaged people is required.

Social integration

A highly uneven distribution of different population groups across the city quarters (social segregation ) and the displacement of less affluent citizens ( gentrification ) endanger social integration in the cities. Against the background of the discussion about no-go areas and gated communities and the banlieue in Paris, other paths are being sought in the German discussion. With the Leipzig Charter , the ministers responsible for urban development within the European Union undertake to observe the social balance within the cities and at the same time recommend that particular attention be paid to disadvantaged urban districts. The social mix is ​​an important urban planning principle.

Participation and quarters

The civic engagement and participation in social decision making promotes identification with the city and creates an awareness of their own city and habitat. The urban quarters are assigned an important role, the return to this smallest unit of a city is a development that can be observed in many ways. Responsibility and forms of organization are increasingly decentralized, and districts are thus developing into the nucleus of civil society participation and participation. Expanding and deepening this participation is a key requirement for sustainable, energy-efficient and resilient urban development.

Security and Resilience

Urban habitats are vulnerable (vulnerable) to so-called 'adverse events', such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, the consequences of climate change and industrial accidents. The goal is therefore that cities increase their resilience . For the UN , resilience is a key prerequisite for the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, the critical infrastructures of the city of the future must be functional. 'Critical infrastructures' are, for example, the energy supply, water supply and disposal, the transport system, emergency and rescue services or disaster control. 'Functionality' means that the systems can maintain their functionality for as long as possible even under stress, i.e. in exceptional cases, or that a basic functionality can be rebuilt quickly after a fault.

Research funding

  • The “National Platform for the City of the Future” (NPZ) was launched in 2012 by the federal ministries for research, the environment, construction, economy and transport. Over 100 representatives from municipalities, science, business and civil society spent two years discussing in an agenda process which are the most urgent research questions that need to be solved in order to advance the sustainable restructuring of cities and communities. They have compiled their answers in a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for the City of the Future (FINA).
  • In 2015 the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) started the science year “City of the Future”. In this, citizens discussed questions of sustainable urban development together with representatives from science and research. In more than 830 target group-specific public and specialist events, campaigns for school children, students and senior citizens, the six fields of action were: (1) energy, climate, resources, (2) (self) supply in town and country, (3) city center, ( 4) Neighborhoods, city districts and buildings, (5) mobility and infrastructures as well as (6) coexistence in town and country worked on. Among other things, the exhibition ship MS Wissenschaft stopped in over 30 cities, schoolchildren visited the school cinema weeks on the city of the future, took part in the local history campaign with their ideas for a sustainable design of spaces or asked scientists to come to their schools as part of the research exchange.
  • At the beginning of 2016, the Innovation Platform Future City (IPZ) was founded by the Ministry of Research and the Environment. It should enable research and development as a contribution to urban development, close the gap between knowledge and action and transfer research into local practice
  • City of the future - healthy and sustainable metropolises
  • In the "City of the Future" competition of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 51 cities, municipalities and districts were selected to develop a holistic and sustainable 2030+ vision for their municipality together with citizens, science, local politics, business and administration. Over three phases, the visions are to be implemented in real laboratories and subjected to the practical text from 2018.

See also

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ "Urban planning works well in Central Europe, in East Asia or South America, where cities grow like ulcers and spread uncontrollably, not at all." (Quoted from "Stifterverband", see individual references)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c We step into a millennium of cities , Scinexx, Das Wissensmagazin, September 26, 2001
  2. ↑ a b c d e f VDI-Initiative Stadt: Thinking Building Blocks for the City of the Future , June 2015
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Urban and Infrastructure Development, by Klaus J. Beckmann, in: City of the Future - Strategic Elements of Sustainable Urban Development ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , German Academy of Science and Engineering, acatech materials, K. Weinert, KJ Beckmann, J. Encarnação, O. Herzog, H. Höcker, A. Kuhn, M. Mühlhäuser, O. Schober, D. Spath, K. Thoma, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.acatech.de
  4. ^ City of the Future - The Program , The Austrian Research Promotion Agency, undated
  5. ↑ a b City of the Future - Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (short version) , National Platform for the City of the Future, an initiative of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, February 2015
  6. ↑ BMBF Internet editorship: Zukunftsstadt - BMBF. Retrieved July 20, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Federal Ministry of Education and Research: Science Year 2015 - City of the Future: Home. Retrieved July 20, 2017 .
  8. ↑ a b Future City Competition , 2015
  9. ↑ How do we want to live and work in the city of tomorrow? , Fraunhofer Society, undated
  10. ↑ The city of the future is threatened with social collapse , May 29, 2015
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Zukunft Stadt , Issue 1, 2012, pages 86-107.
  12. ↑ a b c 2016 funding program of the Fritz and Hildegard Berg Foundation in the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Mountain Foundation Human Health Nature, German Foundation Center, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / stiftungen.stifterverband.info
  13. ↑ a b c City of the Future - Research Visions , TU Braunschweig, October 9, 2015
  14. ↑ Ways to the City of the Future ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, undated @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wege-in-die-zukunftsstadt.de
  15. ↑ We step into a millennium of cities , Scinexx, Das Wissensmagazin, September 26, 2001
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h The green city of the future , May 25, 2009
  17. ↑ Architect and urban planner, From the misappropriated to the lively city, by Andreas Feldtkeller, in: Green City of the Future , Ed .: Bündnis90 / Die Grünen Bundestag faction, documentation of the Metropolitan Congress of March 12, 2011
  18. ↑ New research agenda shows ways into the city of the future ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, February 19, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmub.bund.de
  19. ↑ a b c d e The city of the future , by Jens Uehlecke, February 6, 2009
  20. ↑ a b Science Year 2015 - City of the Future , FONA, Research for Sustainable Development, undated
  21. ↑ a b Protect, save, conserve ( memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , undated @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wissenschaftsjahr-zukunftsstadt.de
  22. ↑ a b c d Modern Life - Mobility in the City , by Alexander Stirn, Die Zeit, October 9, 2012
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g Urban Logistics, by Axel Kuhn, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Dortmund, in: City of the Future - Strategic Elements for Sustainable Urban Development , German Academy of Science and Engineering, acatech materials, K. Weinert, KJ Beckmann, J. Encarnação , O. Herzog, H. Höcker, A. Kuhn, M. Mühlhäuser, O. Schober, D. Spath, K. Thoma, 2014
  24. ↑ Kraftwerk Stadt - Thinking the City as a Whole, by Franziska Eichstädt-Bohlig, spokeswoman for urban development in the Berlin House of Representatives, in: Green City of the Future , Ed .: Bündnis90 / Die Grünen parliamentary group, documentation of the Metropolitan Congress of March 12, 2011
  25. ↑ Opportunities for the City ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Science Year City of the Future, undated @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wissenschaftsjahr-zukunftsstadt.de
  26. ↑ Reurbanization as a factor of gentrification ?, Rainer Danielzyk, Institute for State and Urban Development Research (ILS), University of Hanover, in: Green City of the Future , Ed .: Bündnis90 / Die Grünen Bundestag faction, documentation of the Metropolitan Congress of March 12, 2011
  27. ^ Social segregation in cities in North Rhine-Westphalia, Jürgen Friedrichs, University of Cologne, in: Green City of the Future , Ed .: Bündnis90 / Die Grünen parliamentary group, documentation of the Metropolitan Congress of March 12, 2011
  28. ↑ Leipzig Charter for a Sustainable European City , Information on Spatial Development, April 2010
  29. ↑ a b Resilient Infrastructure, by Klaus Thoma, Fraunhofer Institute, Freiburg, in: City of the Future - Strategic Elements of Sustainable Urban Development ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked . Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , German Academy of Science and Engineering, acatech materials, K. Weinert, KJ Beckmann, J. Encarnação, O. Herzog, H. Höcker, A. Kuhn, M. Mühlhäuser, O. Schober, D. Spath, K. Thoma, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.acatech.de
  30. ↑ Future City Innovation Platform - FONA. Retrieved July 20, 2017 .
  31. ↑ Science Year City of the Future , an initiative of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, February 2015
  32. ↑ Megacities - Cities out of control? , German Research Foundation (DFG), May 28, 2015
  33. ↑ The conference points the way to the future city ( memento of the original from February 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Innovation Platform Future City (IPZ), February 22nd and 23rd in Berlin @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wissenschaftsjahr-zukunftsstadt.de
  34. ↑ Future City Innovation Platform - FONA. Retrieved July 20, 2017 .
  35. ↑ Future City Competition , 2015
  36. ↑ Federal Ministry of Education and Research: Science Year 2015 - City of the Future: Home. Retrieved July 20, 2017 .