Platform height
The platform height ( Switzerland : Perronhöhe ) refers to the height of the platform (access platform parallel to the track ), which, like the vehicle floor height, is measured from the top of the rail (SO). To enable comfortable and safe boarding, the platforms are raised by up to about one meter, depending on the route. The exact platform heights depend on the vehicles predominantly used and the legal regulations applied. According to general rules, the height of the first step or the vehicle floor should be the same or higher than the platform height of the stop.
Classification
Platforms are divided into different platform classes according to their height, but different classification standards have emerged in different countries around the world. The class designations are usually based on the respective designations of the typical floor heights of the vehicles (high-floor platforms, etc.), whereby trams with a floor height of 600 millimeters are considered high-floor, while railways with a floor height of 550 millimeters are low-floor. A platform that is higher than 550 millimeters above the top of the rail is generally referred to as an elevated platform .
Technical background
In the development of rail transport, vehicles for overland transport (long-distance, regional trains) were designed to stop on the open road, so that the standardized platform heights on the continent remained low and, as a rule, several steps in the vehicle made it possible to reach the vehicle floor level . In contrast, platforms and vehicles with the same height have been developed for mass transport, especially on the underground , light rail and suburban trains in large cities, in order to enable easy and faster access, even for travelers with prams, wheelchairs or luggage - some elevated platforms are located here with more than a meter in front. This also applies to rail transport in Great Britain.
Thanks to the low-floor technology of newer vehicles, floor heights can be reduced and level access can be granted even with lower platform heights. Because of the maximum height and requirements for the height of the interior spaces, double-deck cars have the lower level at a lower level due to the clearance profile and are used in regional traffic, but e.g. B. also used in high-speed traffic in France.
According to Pro Bahn, there is accessibility at the platform edge, if
- there are no steps to overcome, d. H. the difference in height between the platform edge and the car floor height in the boarding area is max. 5 cm,
- the gap is small, max. 5 cm, and
- the doors are sufficiently wide.
Standardizations
The UIC defines a height of 550 mm for a normal platform.
Europe
European Economic Area
The TSI "Infrastructure", valid in the trans-European rail network for high-speed traffic (TEN-HGV), allows for new or to be converted platform edges, which are regularly approached by high-speed trains, either 550 mm or 760 mm above the top edge of the rails with a height tolerance of −30 mm / + 0 mm to. The usable platform length of these high-speed holding platforms should be at least 400 meters.
The TSI INS defines under "7.7.12.10. Platform height (4.2.9.2)" for P cases:
- (1) For platforms in city or suburban traffic, the nominal platform height of 960 mm above the top of the rail is permitted.
- (2) For upgraded or renewed routes with broad gauge or a maximum speed of no more than 160 km / h (e.g. Scandinavian vehicles), the nominal platform height of 220 mm to 380 mm above the top of the rail is permitted.
The TSI PRM (People with Reduced Mobility) permits platform heights of 550 mm and 760 mm. 960 mm and 380 mm are permitted in special cases. For new vehicles to be registered, the maximum step height when boarding TSI-compliant platforms is +230 mm and −160 mm. Multiple levels are allowed. A train with an entry height of 600 mm
| Platform height | Vehicle entry height (lowest) |
Vehicle entry height (highest) |
Diff. with a vehicle entry height of 600 mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 380 mm | 220 mm | 610 mm | 220 mm |
| 550 mm | 390 mm | 780 mm | 50 mm |
| 760 mm | 600 mm | 990 mm | −160 mm |
The implementation of the TSI INS should be completed by 2020. Permanent exceptions to this rule mentioned there are:
- Platform length of 320 meters and a platform height of 550 mm in Austria and Denmark
- Platform heights from 380 mm to 580 mm in Sweden
- UK platform height of 760mm (high-speed network only)
- Platform length of 300 meters and platform height of 915 mm (+ 0 / −50 mm) in Great Britain (except high-speed network) and Ireland
- in the case of new constructions or conversions, platform lengths of at least 600 meters and platform heights of 200 mm or 550 mm in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland
- Platform height of 840 mm in regional traffic as well as platform height of 760 mm for new buildings or conversions in the Netherlands
There are also permanent deviations on individual routes and transitional provisions until 2020.
In the annex of 2008/164 / EG permanent exceptions to the EG-wide platform heights are mentioned:
- Denmark (S-Bahn) and France (regional Ile de France ) with 920 mm
- Germany in S-Bahn traffic with 960 mm
- Poland in local traffic with 760 mm or 1060 mm
- Great Britain in the southern area (with conductor rail ) with 1100 mm
- Great Britain (except high-speed network), Northern Ireland and Ireland with 915 mm,
- Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland with 200 mm or 1100 mm (platforms with 1100 mm intended for conversion to 550 mm) (+ 20 / −50 mm)
- Portugal in local traffic with 900 mm or 1100 mm
- Portugal and Spain in regional traffic with 680 mm
- Sweden in local traffic with 730 mm or 1150 mm, in regional traffic with 380 mm or 580 mm
- Netherlands in regional traffic with 840 mm (planned for conversion to 760 mm)
Cross-border
The Rail Baltica is planned with 550 mm.
Germany
In Germany , the Railway Building and Operating Regulations (EBO) stipulate a platform height of at least 380 millimeters to a maximum of 960 millimeters for standard-gauge railways. In the case of new constructions or extensive conversions of passenger platforms, the platform edges should therefore generally be placed at a height of 760 millimeters above the upper edge of the rail (both for S-Bahn and regional traffic), heights of under 380 millimeters and over 960 millimeters are not permitted. Platforms, on which only S-Bahn trains stop, are to be placed at a height of 960 millimeters above the top of the rails.
In the long term, the platform height is to be standardized nationwide.
45% of travelers in the Deutsche Bahn network get on or off at 76 cm platforms, 38% at 96 or 103 cm platforms. Of minor importance are 55 cm platforms (9%), 38 cm platforms (4%) and platforms with lower heights (4%).
Austria
In Austria , a platform height of 550 millimeters is prescribed for new train stations / stops. However, if the station is on a curve or a platform is only a temporary solution, the platforms will be built with a height of 380 millimeters (e.g. Bruck an der Mur or Wien Quartier Belvedere ).
Switzerland
In Switzerland , a uniform platform height of 550 millimeters is prescribed for interoperable standard-gauge lines ; on narrow-gauge networks, a height of 350 millimeters is aimed for, with deviating values permitted within connected networks (e.g. 550 mm for the Lausanne-Echallens-Bercher Railway). "In the case of trams, level entry into the rolling stock must be guaranteed."
Belgium
In Belgium , the platform height of long-distance trains is 760 millimeters, so that a TGV variant with several supported boarding heights has been developed for the Eurostar to London.
France
In France , platforms for TGV long-distance traffic and TER regional traffic are being converted to a uniform 550 millimeter, all newer vehicle models are adapted to this platform height.
Croatia
The Desinec station on the Zagreb - Rijeka line was rebuilt to 550 mm.
United States of America
In the USA , a platform height of 48 inches (1220 millimeters) is used in the northeast corridor from New York to Washington DC. In the southern and western states, regional railways are designed for platform heights of 25 inches (635 millimeters) and long-distance railways for 8 inches (200 millimeters).
According to a decision by the responsible ADA authority in 2006, a uniform platform height of 15 inches (380 millimeters) is to be used for this railway area in the future. Overall, however, the route network is characterized by numerous differences.
China
In China, a uniform platform height of 1250 millimeters is used in the southeast corridor from Kunming to Hong Kong. In the northern and western platforms to be applied to a uniform platform height of 300 millimeters.
Platforms with a height of 200 millimeters are planned for Rail North China , which is planned with Russian broad gauge (1524 mm) .
Platform heights and vehicle floors
| country | Type of traffic | reference | description | Height (mm) | Height (inch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UIC | Long-distance transport | Floor height | High-floor trains | 1300 | 51.2 |
| UIC | Long-distance transport | Floor height | Low-floor trains | 550 | 21.65 |
| UIC | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Normal platform | 550 | 21.65 |
| EEA | Long-distance transport | Floor height | common European long-distance trains (not Great Britain) | 1300 | 51.2 |
| EEA | Local transport | Platform height | European S-Bahn standard (not Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) | 920 | 36.4 |
| EEA | Long-distance transport | Platform height | European long-distance transport, higher standard (not Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Great Britain and the Netherlands) | 760 | 29.92 |
| EEA | Long-distance transport | Platform height | European long-distance transport, low standard (not Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Great Britain and the Netherlands) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Germany | Local transport | Platform height | Train | 960 | 37.79 |
| Germany | Local transport | Platform height | Standard height (S-Bahn + regional traffic) | 760 | 29.92 |
| Germany | Local transport | Platform height | Regional traffic (compromise level in local traffic) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Germany, Austria | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Broad-gauge railway network (e.g. Russian broad-gauge and Brunel-broad-gauge) planned | 380 | 15th |
| Austria | Tram / light rail | both | Vienna ultra-low-floor tram ( ULF ) | 190 | 7.48 |
| Austria | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Denmark | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 550 | 21.65 |
| France | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 550 | 21.65 |
| France | Local transport | Floor height | Paris Metro RATP , ligne 2 (New MF2000 vehicles) | 1015 | 39.96 |
| Great Britain | Local transport | Floor height | London Underground (Tube) 2 feet | 610 | 24 |
| Great Britain | Local transport | Platform height | London Underground (rarely above ground) "Compromise Standard" approx. 2 ft 7.5 " | 800 | 31.5 |
| Great Britain | Long-distance transport | Platform height | British Rail standard height | 915 | 36 |
| Great Britain | Long-distance transport | Platform height | British Rail standard height with power rail | 1100 | 43.3 |
| Great Britain | Long-distance transport | Platform height | British Rail Standard Altitude (High Speed Network Only) | 760 | 29.92 |
| Great Britain | Long-distance transport | Floor height | standard British Rail long-distance trains | 1150 | 45.28 |
| Great Britain | Local transport | Floor height | London Underground (large profile) 3 ft 3 " | 990 | 39 |
| Great Britain | Local transport | Platform height | Heathrow Express | 1100 | 43.3 |
| Netherlands | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (available) | 840 | 33.07 |
| Netherlands | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic (planned) | 760 | 29.92 |
| Spain | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic (standard gauge) | 760 | |
| Spain | Regional / city traffic | Platform height | Regional and urban transport, Iberian broad gauge, only DC voltage | 760 (region) 1250 (city) |
|
| Spain | Regional traffic | Platform height | Regional traffic, Iberian broad gauge, except DC voltage | 550 | |
| Spain | Narrow-gauge railways | Platform height | Narrow-gauge railways (meter gauge) | 1150 | |
| Portugal | Local transport | Platform height | 1.5 kV direct current | 1080 | |
| Italy | Tram / light rail | Floor height | Turin (steps) | 320 | 12.60 |
| Italy, Denmark, Algeria | Local and long-distance transport | Platform height | Standard height (available) | 250 | |
| Italy, Algeria | Local and long-distance transport | Platform height | seldom, only for new buildings and renovations | 920 550 |
|
| Italy, Denmark | Local transport | Floor height | recent orders from Stadler Rail | 600 | |
| Greece | Local transport | Floor height | recent orders from Stadler Rail | 585 | |
| Poland | Local transport | Platform height | average minimum | 760 | 29.92 |
| Poland | Local transport | Platform height | average maximum | 1060 | 41.73 |
| Poland | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Poland, Norway | Local transport | Floor height | recent orders from Stadler Rail | 800 | |
| Poland, Slovakia | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Broad-gauge railway network (e.g. Russian broad-gauge and Brunel-broad-gauge) planned | 200 550 |
|
| Slovakia | Local transport | Floor height | recent orders from Stadler Rail | 370 615 |
|
| Sweden | Long-distance transport | Platform height | average minimum | 380 | 15th |
| Sweden | Long-distance transport | Platform height | average maximum | 580 | 23 |
| Sweden | Local transport | Platform height | average minimum | 730 | 28.74 |
| Sweden | Local transport | Platform height | average maximum | 1150 | 45.28 |
| Sweden, Norway | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Broad-gauge railway network (e.g. Russian broad-gauge and Brunel-broad-gauge) planned | 200 | ~ 8 |
| Czech Republic | Local transport | Floor height | Prague metro | 1150 | 45.28 |
| Czech Republic | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Switzerland | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Iran | Long-distance transport | Floor height | usual Iranian long-distance trains | 1300 | 51.2 |
| Iran | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, higher standard | 760 | 29.92 |
| Iran | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, medium standard | 550 | 21.65 |
| Iran | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, low standard | 381 | 15th |
| Algeria | Local transport | Floor height | recent orders from Stadler Rail | 605 | |
| Russia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine | Long-distance transport | Floor height | usual Russian long-distance trains | 1300 | 51.2 |
| Russia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, higher standard (available) | 1100 | 43.3 |
| Russia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, higher standard (planned) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Belarus, Finland | Local transport | Floor height | recent orders from Stadler Rail | 550 | - |
| Russia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance, low standard (steps) | 200 | ~ 8 |
| Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan | Long-distance transport | Floor height | usual long-distance trains | 1300 | 51.2 |
| Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic, standard height (lines with gauges of 1520 mm and 1676 mm; with 25 kV AC voltage) | 200 | ~ 8 |
| India, Pakistan, Afghanistan | Long-distance transport | Floor height | usual Indian long-distance trains | 1300 | 51.2 |
| India | Local transport | Platform height | S-Bahn / local transport (planned) | 1100 | 43.3 |
| India, Pakistan, Afghanistan | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport region Mumbai (planned) | 550 | 21.65 |
| India, Pakistan, Afghanistan | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport except Mumbai (stages) (planned) | 203 | 8th |
| Canada | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long distance transport Montreal Central | 1219 | 48 |
| Canada | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic Montreal Central (planned) | 550 | 21.65 |
| Canada | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long Distance Except Montreal (Steps) | 203 | 8th |
| Canada | Long-distance transport | Floor height | standard Canadian long-distance trains | 1295 | 51 |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Northeast Corridor | 1219 | 48 |
| United States | Local transport | both | New York Subway (Division A) IRT | 1156 | 45.5 |
| United States | Local transport | both | New York Subway (Division B) BMT | 1140 | 44.78 |
| United States | Local transport | both | Boston MBTA Blue Line level entry | 1054 | 41.5 |
| United States | Local transport | Floor height | SEPTA , Philadelphia | 1080 | 42.5 |
| United States | Local transport | Floor height | San Francisco BART (estimate) | 1067 | 42 |
| United States | Local transport | Platform height | San Francisco BART (estimate) | 960 | 37.8 |
| United States | Local transport | Floor height | Washington Metro | 978 | 38.5 |
| United States | Local transport | Floor height | Tram / light rail just over 3 feet | 915 | 36 |
| United States | Local transport | Platform height | southern and western USA, long-distance traffic (steps) from 48 to 51 " | 635 | 25th |
| United States | Tram / light rail | Floor height | Boston's MBTA Green Line , San Francisco Muni Metro and other (steps) Boeing-Vertol | 864 | 34 |
| United States | Tram / light rail | Floor height | Boston's MBTA Green Line, Breda Type 8 low-floor car, 14 inch (with 35 inch steps) ATR | 357 | 14th |
| United States | Tram / light rail | Platform height | Boston's MBTA Green Line, minimum platform height | 0 | 0 |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Floor height | usual US long-distance trains | 1295 | 51 |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Floor height | Bombardier Amtrak Superliner for southern and western USA 17.5 to 18 inches | 457 | 18th |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Planned long-distance routes, southern and western USA (edge or steps) | 381 | 15th |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Existing long-distance routes, southern and western USA (steps) | 203 | 8th |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Platform height | USA, planned, long-distance traffic, higher standard | 550 | 21.65 |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Platform height | USA, planned, long-distance, medium standard (edge or steps) | 381 | 15th |
| United States | Long-distance transport | Platform height | USA, planned, long-distance traffic, low standard (levels) | 203 | 8th |
| Mexico | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 760 | 29.92 |
| Argentina | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport (typ.) | 203 | 8th |
| China | Long-distance transport | Floor height | High-speed trains (typ.) | 1300 | 51.2 |
| China | Long-distance transport | Floor height | usual Chinese long-distance trains | 1300 | 51.2 |
| China | Long-distance transport | Floor height | CRH3 | 1250 | 49.25 |
| China | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, very high standard | 1250 | 49.25 |
| China | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, higher standard | 760 | 29.92 |
| China | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, medium standard | 550 | 21.65 |
| China | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance transport, low standard | 381 | 15th |
| Japan | Long-distance transport | Floor height | High-speed trains (typ.) | 1300 | 51.2 |
| North Korea | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic at 3 kV DC voltage | 1250 | 49.25 |
| South Korea | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic, old low-level platforms (typ.) | 370 | 14.57 |
| South Korea | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Long-distance traffic (with KTX), new platforms | 550 | 21.65 |
| South Korea | Long-distance transport | Platform height | Local transport (metro), elevated platforms | 1135 | 44.69 |
| Malaysia | Local transport | Platform height | KLIA Ekspres , Kelana Jaya Line , Ampang Line | 760 | 29.92 |
| Thailand | Local transport | Floor height | Bangkok Metro | 1160 | 45.67 |
| South Africa | Local transport | Platform height | Gautrain (estimate) | 760 | 29.92 |
literature
- Andreas Schaack: Uniform platform height or accessibility? In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 2 , February 2018, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 106-109 .
Web links
- DB Group - platform information - database with platform height of all train stations in passenger traffic
- DB Group - Step by step to barrier-free travel ( Memento from April 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) - Media package platform heights
- Eurailpress: The platform height concept of DB AG ( Memento from September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Article in the ETR magazine, issue 05/2014
Individual evidence
- ↑ Accessibility at the platform edge? (PDF) Retrieved October 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Eurailpress: The platform height concept of the DB AG. (PDF) In: Article in the ETR magazine, issue 05/2014. Retrieved October 23, 2019 .
- ↑ DRAFT Technical standards and specifications of Rail Baltica / Rail Baltica Railway. (PDF) Retrieved October 23, 2019 .
- ↑ § 13 of the EBO
- ^ German Bundestag (Ed.): Appropriate platform heights for a user-friendly railway infrastructure . Answer of the Federal Government to the small question of the MPs Dr. Anton Hofreiter, Winfried Hermann, Markus Tressel, other MPs and the Alliance 90 / The Greens (printed matter 17/5153) (= printed matter . No. 17/5382 ). Bundesanzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, April 6, 2011, ISSN 0722-8333 ( bundestag.de [PDF; 91 kB ; accessed on October 11, 2013]).
- ↑ Step by step to barrier-free travel. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019 ; accessed on April 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Infrastructure status and development report 2019. (PDF) Performance and financing agreement II. In: eba.bund.de. Deutsche Bahn, April 2020, p. 151 f. , accessed on May 17, 2020 .
- ↑ Implementing provisions of the Railway Ordinance , Article 34 (PDF) June 11, 2017, accessed on December 31, 2018 .
- ↑ Ministar Siniša Hajdaš Dončić obišao željezničke i cestovne projekte u Jastrebarskom
- ↑ Adif: Declaración sobre la red 2017. In: http://www.adif.es . Adif, 2017, accessed April 12, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ CP 2000 Electric Multiple Unit - Portugal ( Memento from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive )