Hof Iben

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Choir of the Templar Chapel
Look into the chapel
Location sketch

Hof Iben is a former moated castle and Templar coming near Fürfeld in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate . The preserved chapel of the chapel is one of the earliest high Gothic buildings in Germany.

history

The oldest surviving mention of Iben comes from 1258. At that time it was a settlement of the Knights Templar . The preserved Gothic choir of the castle chapel must have been built around 1240. This makes the choir one of the earliest German Gothic. A nave that was demolished in the 19th century shows that Iben was founded earlier. The remains of two Romanesque capitals preserved from the nave point to an origin between 1180 and 1220. The name Iben is reminiscent of Ibenium , the Latin name for the crusader castle Ibelin , which was captured by Saladin in 1187 and destroyed in 1191. Accordingly, Iben Castle was probably after the Third Crusadefounded by Templars expelled from Palestine and named after their previous settlement, as is also the custom. After the order was dissolved, the castle fell to the Raugrafen von Altenbaumburg in 1312 and to the Marshals of Waldeck in 1362 , who kept it until it died out in 1553. Subsequently, the court belonged to Daniel V. von Mudersbach (1532–1600), who passed it to his daughter Elisabeth († 1611) and his son-in-law Hartmut XVI. inherited from Kronberg († 1608). The court officials Hartmut (around 1615–1685) and Johann Daniel von Cronberg (* around 1616; † after 1668) were born at Hof Iben as their grandchildren . During the feudal period, the possession of Iben was linked to the local rule over the nearby Fürfeld.

In 1638/39 the Lutheran pastor Justus Wilhelm Nigrinus (1599–1676), who had been expelled from Kreuznach by the Reformed Countess Palatine Maria Eleonora (1607–1675) , found asylum with the Lutheran Kronbergers in Hof Iben.

Since the death of the last Kronberger, Baron Johann Nicolaus von Kronberg (1633–1704), the court and the chapel belonged to the Catholic gentlemen Schenk von Schmidtburg .

The "Schinderhannes" Johannes Bückler (1779–1803) stole food from a French food truck at Hof Iben in the autumn of 1795, was briefly captured, but freed again by an Austrian hussar - Piquet . Franz Joseph Nepomuk Ignaz Schenk von Schmidtburg († 1822) had the property auctioned in 1812. The plant went into rural ownership. The chapel was removed from the agricultural business in 1870 and bought by the state ( Grand Duchy of Hesse ). Today it belongs to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

investment

Keystone in the choir with the Agnus Dei
Floor plan 1869

The existing courtyard buildings only give an approximate picture of the extent of the former moated castle. The choir of the former castle chapel, which was built and preserved around 1240, is important. It was originally joined by a Romanesque nave, which was demolished in the 19th century. The cross rib vaulted 5/8 choir has an octagonal roof turret with a stone pointed helmet. The tracery of the windows, the profile of the ribs and diaphragm arches and not least the Blattkapitelle create an attribution to the well at the rood screen of Mainz Cathedral participated Naumburg Cathedral workshop near. In addition to the Elisabeth Church in Marburg and the Church of Our Lady in Trier , the castle chapel of Iben is one of the earliest examples of French cathedral Gothic in Germany. The occurrence in a comparatively insignificant place is explained by the Europe-wide networking of the Templars.

The construction as a water castle was made possible by a damming of the Appelbach below Tiefenthal and a water supply through the upper ditch of the already existing or at the same time built neighboring water mill.

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Joachim Oesterle: Fürfeld. History of a Rhine-Hessian wine village . 1st edition. Rhein-Mosel-Verlag, Brüder / Mosel 1997, ISBN 3-929745-43-7 , p. 57 .
  2. ↑ Dehio Handbook; P. 251

Web links

Commons : Hof Iben  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 46 ′ 23.4 "  N , 7 ° 55 ′ 31.2"  E